International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies

FEATURE PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES

• PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF LINEAR DYNAMIC NEIGHBORHOOD MODELS WITH VARIABLE NEIGHBORHOODS

  Sedykh Irina Aleksandrovna, Anatoly Mikhailovich Shmyrin (Department of Higher Mathematics, Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, RUSSIA )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.227

  Keywords: Dynamic neighborhood models; Variable neighborhoods; Linear models; Parametric identification; Identification criteria; Pseudo-inverse matrix.

  Abstract
  The paper presents the definition of the dynamic input-state neighborhood model, the structure of which is determined by the set of nodes and the neighborhood links between model nodes according to control actions and states. The dynamic neighborhood model functions in discrete time. The states of each node in the next point in time depend on the control actions and the states of adjacent nodes and change under the influence of the state recalculation function. The paper considers a neighborhood model with variable neighborhoods, which is distinguished by dynamic links between the nodes of the system, changing at each discrete point in time of its operation. In this model, the entire set of neighborhood links is divided into intersecting subsets that form layers. For dynamic neighborhood models, the problem of parametric identification is given, the identification criterion is shown. The method is considered and the block diagram of the solution of the parametric identification problem for linear neighborhood models in matrix form is given.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17A




• DOES THE 'GOOD' PERFORMANCE MEASURES SHOW CONSISTENCY ACROSS TIME HORIZONS? APPLICATION OF OLS AND FISHER-Z TRANSFORMATION METHOD ON MUTUAL FUNDS CATEGORIES OF PAKISTAN

  Wajid S. Ahmed, Malik J. Saboor, Adil T. Paracha, and Malik F. Azeem (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, PAKISTAN )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.228

  Keywords: Mutual funds; Ordinary least square (OLS); Time variant effect; Sharpe ratio; Fisher z-transformation; Skewness and kurtosis.

  Abstract
  The first objective of our paper is to identify if the skewness and kurtosis having an impact on the end result in relation to the distribution return pattern of returns in mutual fund industry of Pakistan. The second objective evaluates the persistency in the performance of chosen performance measures against Sharpe measure. In this regard, ordinary least square (OLS) method approach has been applied first and secondly, the fisher z-transformation approach has been used to evaluate the degree of concordance among the alternative performance measures and the Sharpe ratio. The results from (OLS) method verified that the skewness and kurtosis had no impact on the relationship between the alternative measures and Sharpe ratio in evaluation of mutual funds classes. Whereas, from degree of concordance analysis the alternative measures against the non-normal distribution seem more logical choice simply because the deviation is far lower than ones based upon assumption of normal distribution.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17B




• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKPLACE OSTRACISM AND ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM: PROPOSING A RESEARCH MODEL

  Khan H. Tariq, Gulzar Amir(Department of Business and Economics, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpindi Campus (FURC), PAKISTAN)
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.229

  Keywords: Counter-Productive Work Behavior (CWB); Job Performance; WOS; Organizational Cynicism (OC); Perceived Organizational Support (POS); Leader-Member Exchange (LMX).

  Abstract
  Various employees had reported being left out at the workplace which might have reduced in-role performance and adaptive performance or might have enhanced counterproductive work behaviour. Limited research has been conducted on Ostracism. Few recent studies relate to negative and psychological effects of ostracism, however, the effects on job performance and moderating effects of leader-member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS) need to be explored studied. Moreover, the mediating role of cynicism has not yet been studied. This study has proposed a research model to explore the relations between workplace ostracism (WOS) and organizational cynicism (OC) and their impact. Managers of service sector need to comprehend ostracism phenomenon and take remedial measures for the betterment of the employees and the organization.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17C




• IMPROVED STRENGTH, ELASTIC AND ADHESION PROPERTIES OF MORTARS MODIFIED WITH DIFFERENT POLYMER-CEMENT RATIOS & EFFECTS OF REDUCTION IN CA(OH)₂ ON THE PROPERTIES

  Umer Mahboob Malik (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art & Design, Superior University Lahore, PAKISTAN ),
  Usman Muhammad Buksh (School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology Lahore, PAKISTAN),
  Muhammad Irfan(Department of Civil Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, PAKISTAN )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.230

  Keywords: Calcium hydroxide; Polymer-modified; cement system; Polymer-modified mortar (PMM); Mortar strength; Adhesion properties; Toyoura sand.

  Abstract
  Polymer-modified mortars (PMMs) are prepared by using dispersible polymer powders or powdered emulsion (powered cement modifiers) and aqueous polymer dispersion (aqueous cement modifiers) with various polymer-cement (P/C) ratios. Specimens are made with the help of moulds and cured. Different tests like compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, maximum deflection, maximum extreme tensile fibre strain, maximum tensile strain and adhesion in tension or bond strength are performed for the cured specimens. Afterward, powder samples are made from the broken specimens, which are then subjected to X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). From the test results, it is concluded that the formation of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is reduced in (PMMs). Whereas, on the other hand, their compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, maximum deflection, maximum extreme tensile fibre strain, maximum tensile strain and adhesion in tension or bond strength have been improved. However, variation in the above- mentioned properties depend upon the P/C ratio and cement modifier used or both. It has been concluded that the reduction of Ca(OH)₂ content in PMMs does not cause any detrimental or adverse effect on their strength, elastic and adhesion properties, they are improved.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17D




• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK MARKET INDICATORS AND FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT (FPI): EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

  Zahirullah and Mumtaz Hussain Shah (Institute of Management Studies, University of Peshawar, Pakistan)
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.231

  Keywords: Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI); Co-Integration; VECM; Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX); Stock Market Returns.

  Abstract
  This research study is designed to study the relationship between stock market indicators and net foreign portfolio investment (NFPI). Long term and short term relationships of five stock market indicators namely stock market capitalization, market returns, market turnover, market risk and market indices with NFPI are analysed through co-integration and vector error correction models (VECM). Three co-integrated vectors are found to show long term relationships and three variables are found to have short term relationships. Similarly, past values have impact on the current values. Regression analysis displays the impact of stock market indicators on NFPI. The results demonstrate that all the stock market indicators have positive and significant impact on NFPI except the market risk which has a negative relation with NFPI.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17E




• EFFECTS OF TOP MANAGEMENT SUPPORT, TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS, AND CAPABILITIES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

  Nasim Roustapisheh, Hossein Nabati Yazdizadeh (Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.232

  Keywords: Organizational performance; Organizational entrepreneurship; Absorptive capacity; Structural equation modelling (SEM); Technological distinctive competency.

  Abstract
  This study focused on the effect of top management support, technological skills and capabilities on entrepreneurship and organizational performance. For this purpose, 248 employees of the software developer companies participated in this study. Participants were asked to fill the questionnaires of top management support, technological skills, technological distinctive competency, absorptive capacity, organizational entrepreneurship, and organizational performance. Data were analyzed by SEM using the software LISREL. The results showed that top management support had a significant positive effect on absorptive capacity and technological skill, while top management support had no significant effect on technological distinctive competency. Technological skill and absorptive capacity had a significant positive effect on technological distinctive competency. Technological distinctive competency, technological skill, and absorptive capacity had a significant positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship. Organizational entrepreneurship had a direct, significant and positive effect on organizational performance. Top management support had an indirect, significant and positive effect on organizational entrepreneurship and organizational performance. Absorptive capacity, technological distinctive competency, and technological skills had an indirect, significant and positive effect on organizational performance. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the role of top management support, technological skills, technological distinctive competency and absorptive capacity on entrepreneurship and organizational performance.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17F




• IMPACTS OF LEVERAGE ON INVESTMENT: A BRIEF VIEW OF PAKISTANI LISTED FIRMS

  Furman Ali (School of Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 61130 CHINA),
  Zeeshan Fareed (School of Business, Huzhou University, CHINA),
  Talat Mehmood Khan (School of Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 61130 CHINA),
  Hamid Raza (Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, 201701 CHINA )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.233

  Keywords: Investment Decision, Pakistan Stock Exchange, Panel Regression, Emerging Markets.

  Abstract
  The association between financial leverage and corporate investment strategy is considered a significant concern in corporate finance; Therefore, we proceed with this line of research to elaborate further the impact of leverage on investment decisions using panel regression and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression. Our sample covers all non-financial Pakistani firms listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from the year 2008 to 2017. The results indicate that there is an inverse relationship between leverage and investment in the Pakistani context. However, this inverse association is unique to higher and lower growth firms. We further documented that leverage has a negative and significant impact on the lower growth firms than the higher growth ones. Our results are aligned with the agency theory of corporate leverage, focusing mainly on the theory that financial leverage has a unique and disciplining position in low growth organizations.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17G




• MACROECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCE ON NON-PERFORMING LOANS: THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN MALAYSIA

  Siti Aisyah Mustafa, Maimunah Ali (Department of Business Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, MALAYSIA )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.234

  Keywords: Macroeconomic factors; NPL; ARDL; Cointegration test; Commercial Banks; ARDL bound testing approach.

  Abstract
  Given the level of Malaysian economic openness is high, the performance of the financial system especially the banking institutions is ubiquitously exposed to risks of financial stress arising from global financial uncertainty. This headwind, to some greater or lower extent, can be translated into a more challenging prospect of economic growth, price instability, as well as a slower labor market participation faced by the local economy. With greater challenge, it prompts a call towards a continuous assessment on how these uncertainties impact the stability of the banking sector, of which proxied through the performance of non-performing loans (henceforth NPLs). This paper, therefore, aims to examine the macroeconomic influences on NPLs in the case of Malaysian commercial banks. Employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and bounds testing approach, we explored whether any of these variables namely GDP growth, inflation, and unemployment rate carry informational content about changes of NPLs. Applying this cointegration test onto a dataset of macroeconomic factors and NPLs data of the period spanning from 1998 to 2018 on a quarterly basis, the result suggests that in the long run and short run, GDP growth and unemployment are correlated with the NPLs fluctuations. Inflation, on the other hand, has no correlation. More particularly, GDP growth depicted a negative relationship with NPLs, while the unemployment rate positively influences the NPLs.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17H




• EFFECTS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON DIVIDEND DECISIONS WITH A FOCUS ON MODERATING ROLE OF BOARD DIVERSITY

  Nauman Iqbal Mirza, Qaiser Ali Malik (Department of Economics & Finance, Faculty of Business & Technology, Foundation University, Islamabad, PAKISTAN)
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.235

  Keywords: Good Corporate Governance; Dividend Payout Decisions; Board structure; Firms' directors; Firms' dividend; CEO Duality.

  Abstract
  This study evaluates the moderating effect of diversity (gender, age, experience, nationality and education) between Corporate Governance and the Dividend Decisions of listed companies of Pakistan Stock Exchange for a period from 2010 to 2017 in addition to the effect of conventional accounting variables (Firm Size, Debt to Asset Ratio and Earning per Share) using panel data analysis. General to specific modelling is used by including all the potential regressors. Results depict that orthodox accounting variables (Firm Size, Leverage, Earning per Share), Corporate Governance (CEO Duality) and Diversity (Nationality, Age and Experience) have a significant effect on Dividend Decisions. Firm Size, Leverage and Experience Diversity of Board negatively affects the Dividend Decisions, while Earnings per Share, CEO Duality, Directors Nationality, and Age effects positively. Furthermore, Dividend Decisions are significantly affected by Corporate Governance with moderating role of Diversity (Age and Nationality). An insignificant relationship between Dividend Decisions and Board Independence is found.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17I




• IMPACT OF DIVIDEND POLICY ON SHARE PRICE VOLATILITY FOR COMPANIES LISTED ON PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE

  Muhammad Asim Khan (Institute of Business Management, Karachi, PAKISTAN)
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.236

  Keywords: Dividend Yield (DY); Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR); PSX; EViews; Share Price Volatility; Dividend policy.

  Abstract
  This research investigated the impacts of dividend policy on the share price volatility of companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Therefore, the researcher gathered data of 10 companies of 10 years ranging from 2008-2017 of three variables asserting quantitative research design and secondary method of data collection. The variables of the study were share price volatility as the dependent variable while (dividend payout ratio) DPR and DY (dividend yield) were taken as independent variables. The approaches that had been utilized were correlation analysis and regression analysis on E-Views. In accordance with the results, the aggregate impact of dividend policy was significant on share price volatility. Individually, both variables were significant with DPR affecting price volatility negatively and DY positively. The results were also supported by various studies conducted previously in Pakistan and other regions.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17J




• ASSESSING VERBAL ENGLISH ANXIETY IN LEARNERS AT HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL FROM THE STUDENTS' PERSPECTIVE: A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

  Afsheen Salahuddin (Department of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, PAKISTAN, and University of Central Punjab, PAKISTAN)
  Uzma Quraishi (Department of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, PAKISTAN)
  Asma Shahid Kazi (Department of Professional Studies, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, PAKISTAN)
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.237

  Keywords: English class; Interaction in English; Learner's conversational skill; Communicative activities; English unease

  Abstract
  Like other countries, Pakistan is struggling for an ideal model for English language teaching in their educational institute. The English language is developing as a persuasive mode of interaction. In Pakistan English language is the second language; therefore, verbal English unease is common in the learners. This research has been conducted in the city Lahore, Pakistan and it is mixed method research. Learners' views regarding the usage of the communicating behaviors for the advancement of their verbal English skill were collected through the closed-ended questionnaire i.e. foreign language class unease scale developed by Elaine Horwitz (1987). It was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test research. A whole group of forty learners was divided equally in one monitor group and two experimental groups. The research aimed to see the effect of the communicative activities on the learners' verbal English confidence level from the learners' perspective. This study investigated on many factors leading to unease among learners whilst they conversed in a foreign language. The results showed that communicative activities enhance confidence and reduce unease while speaking a foreign language. The research also pinpoints that the institutes that do not encourage their learners to interact in English language often have learners who do not have good conversational skills in English. The findings of the research have shown that the learners' confidence level in verbal English was enhanced when they were taught with the communicative activities in every English language class. Thus it is proposed that communicative activities should be incorporated in the English language classes. The research also recommends that the English language teachers should also be trained well in their verbal English skills.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17K




• CHILD LABOUR: A PULLING CAUSE OF CHILDREN FROM SCHOOL AT DISTRICT BANNU, PAKISTAN

  Sayyed Farooq Shah ( Institute of Education & Research University of Science & Technology Bannu)
  Muhammad Saqib Khan, Noman Ahmad Khan ( Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, PAKISTAN)
  Imran Ali ( University of Science & Technology, Bannu, KP, PAKISTAN)
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.238

  Keywords: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Broken family; Social issue; Kid labor; Child education; School dropout; School performance.

  Abstract
  The child labour is a generic phenomenon and it is far the spinoff of socio-monetary shape and reflection of the society. The child labour can be labeled into dangerous and non-risky labour. Many mother and father purposely dispatched their youngsters to workplaces with purpose to enhance own family profits and to conquer poverty by hook or by crook causing dropping out in their children from faculties despite the government efforts. Non-education of children has in detail connected with exploitation of child labour that is the effect of collective discrimination, thoughts of the privileged group & meager participation within the safety of legitimate right, lack of parental motivation and high rate of education also make a contribution to hassle of the troubles of child labour. Bannu is one of the fastest-growing cities in Pakistan, especially in training, industries, and hotels. The objectives of this study are to explore different reasons for child labour and to find out the impact of child labour on the dropout of children from the schools.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17L




• INSPECTION AND STRENGTHENING IMPROVEMENT OF RC BEAM AND LOAD TEST OF RC SLAB: CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPLEX BUILDING#2 (SC2) THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY, RANGSIT CAMPUS, THAILAND

  Saharat Buddhawanna, Boonsap Witchayangkoon, Passaworn Boonyavinij (Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, 12120, THAILAND )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.239

  Keywords: Structural inspection; Structural strengthening; Structural improvement; Reinforced concrete; Reinforced beam; Structure load test; Concrete slab repair; Beam deflection repair; Beam strengthening.

  Abstract
  This study focuses on the strengthening improvement of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slab using the Social Science Complex Building (SC2), Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Thailand, as the case study. The optimal strengthening design for RC beams in the case study building is recommended. The main focused issue is to reduce the deflections of the beams. There are three strengthening improvement methods that are compared each other. Once completing the design, this study finds that the first, the second, and the third methods have the maximum deflection at 3.57 cm, 3.35 cm, 3.51 cm, respectively. The second method offers the smallest deflection; however, the third method requires the smallest repair amount of strengthening reinforcing steels. When compare to ACI standard, it is clear that the maximum deflections all three methods are within the acceptable standard. Therefore, the third method is considered the most optimal design method.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17M




• MOB PSYCHOLOGY IMPLIED IN PAKISTAN STOCK MARKET VIA SPORTING EVENTS

  Faheem Aslam (Department of Management Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, PAKISTAN ),
  Hyoung-goo Kang (Business School, Hanyang University, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA ),
  Aneel Salman, Amir Rafique, Muhammad Ather Yaqub (Department of Management Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, PAKISTAN )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.240

  Keywords: Sporting Events; Cricket; Mob Psychology; Pakistan Stock Exchange; Stock market prices; Mood Swing; Ordinary Least Squares (OLS); Macroeconomic variable; Event Study.

  Abstract
  This study investigates the impact of international cricket matches on the stock market via sudden changes in social mood associated with the sporting event. This study also considers three important macroeconomic variables to explain changes in the stock market prices. The evidence shows that cricket matches have a short-term adverse effect on the Pakistani stock market. The significant impact of the matches played in financial cities implies that the moods of local investors are induced by sporting events that affect the stock market. The negative effects of game losses are stronger than the game wins, which confirms the existence of asymmetrical biases. The matches against India particularly generates a downward movement in the market returns. Furthermore, there is no evidence of match-fixing and stock market returns.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17N




• COORDINATES COMPARISON OF GOOGLE® MAPS AND ORTHOPHOTO MAPS IN THAILAND

  Deeboon Methakullachat (Department of Civil Engineering. Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, THAILAND ),
  Boonsap Witchayangkoon (Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, THAILAND )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.241

  Keywords: Map accuracy; Geographic coordinates; Accuracy checkpoints; Google map error; High-resolution satellite image.

  Abstract
  Google Maps are online maps that have a large number of users around the world. Google Maps uses satellite data from many sources, which have different resolutions, varying in each location around the world. For this reason, Google does not have the policy to declare the accuracy of Google Maps data with respect to any specific area. This research conducts a study on the horizontal positional accuracy of Google Maps in Thailand by comparing 3,970 checkpoint coordinates read from Google Maps with corresponding coordinates read from Orthophotos 1:4,000 scale of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of Thailand. The results reveal an average error of 3.3 meters, with a minimum error of 0.0 meters and the maximum error of 28.6 meters. Readers can view the checkpoint location together with the verified results of each individual checkpoint by following the Google Maps link created in this research.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17O




• EFFICIENCY IMPROVMENT OF PERSONNEL IN A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION VIA A PROCESS APPROACH: CASE OF MEDICAL AND SANITARY PART OF KAZAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

  Olga V. Demyanova, Alfiya H. Gismatulina, Ravil T. Shaukov (Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, RUSSIA),
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.242

  Keywords: Staff recruitment; Staff efficiency improvement; Corporate spirit; Labor productivity; Staff perspectives; Staff activities; Human capital management.

  Abstract
  The article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of day hospital staff through various tools, analyzes new approaches to increase labor productivity in a medical organization. Currently, the role of human capital in the effective functioning of the organization is given much attention. Many companies understand that the success of an organization depends on the people who work in it. The activities of the medical organization can be presented through the process. This approach to management is called the process approach. Currently, companies tend to have developed vertical communications, there is a boss who controls the activities of his subordinates and controls the process, and horizontal communications are poorly expressed. The process approach in human capital implies the development of horizontal links and close work between various functional links that help each other in achieving the overall goals of the organization [5]. In this case, the employee is responsible not only for his functional activities but also for his contribution to the overall business process and the achievement of goals. Thanks to the development of human capital, there is an increase in the efficiency of the entire medical organization. It is important that doctors do their job with maximum efficiency, and patients receive high-quality medical care [2]. The article was held timekeeping activities of each doctor, as well as recommendations on the placement of specialists in a medical organization. All these actions are taking place in the framework of the Lean Polyclinic project of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17P




• A METHOD FOR ENSURING THE SECURE TRANSFER AND STORAGE OF BACKUP USER DATA AND INFORMATION FROM INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES

  Vladimir A. Kholopov, Evgeny V. Kurnasov, Fedor V. Soklakov (Department of Industrial Informatics, Institute of Information Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, RUSSIA),
  Evgeny I. Korolev (Department of Innovation Management, MIREA - Russian Technological University, RUSSIA),
  Marina M. Untura (Department of Industrial Informatics, Institute of Information Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, RUSSIA ),
  Roman G. Bolbakov (Department of Instrumental and Applied Software, Institute of Information Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, RUSSIA)
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.243

  Keywords: Information protection; Data backup; Data storage; Automation of data storage; Data synchronization; Data encryption; Cloud storage; Data security; User data protection; Digital Security, IoT.

  Abstract
  This work is aimed at solving the problem of storage backup user data associated with security threats and risks of unauthorized information access to it, and with the possibility of destruction or damage to physical storage, as well as their theft in order to obtain stored data. The architecture of the proposed backup user data storage system is implemented on the platform of the user's operating system and consists of three main components - encryption, synchronization and data transfer to the cloud storage. The system architecture is also adapted to work with Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which have recently been actively used and developed in various user and industrial systems. The information generated by these devices, in order to ensure the integrity and security of the entire system, is backed up in the data storage system, encrypted and transmitted to its physical or cloud storage.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17Q




• EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS ON BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF GROWTH OF KHINGAN FIR SEEDLINGS (ABIES NEPHROLEPIS (TRAUTV.) MAXIM.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRIMORSKY KRAI

  Ostroshenko V.Yu. (Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), RUSSIA).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.244

  Keywords: Khingan fir, forest nursery, seedlings, planting material, root feeding, growth stimulants, Crezacin, Ribav-Extra, Zircon, Epin-Extra.

  Abstract
  The effects of root-feeding stimulators Crezacin, Ribav-Extra, Zircon and Epin-Extra on the growth of seedlings of Khingan fir (Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim.) as growing planting material are studied. There was a higher growth activity in seedlings fed with Ribav-Extra growth stimulant at solution concentrations of 1ml/5l and 1ml/10l and Zircon at a concentration of 1ml/10l. Root feeding of seedlings with these stimulants activates their growth in height and biomass, the development of side shoots and the formation of the crown of plants. Three-year-old seedlings can be used for transplanting into the school nursery department, for further cultivation of seedlings and their use in landscape construction. Four-year-old seedlings grown with root-feeding with these stimulants in terms of growth meet the requirements of the current OST 56-98-93 and exceed it in height by 12.3-40.4%, in diameter of the root neck by 6.7-43.3 %.
  
  Paper ID: 10A17Q







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