:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies
http://TuEngr.com
ISSN 2228-9860
eISSN 1906-9642
CODEN: ITJEA8
FEATURE PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE
Vol.12(9) (2021)Special Issue on the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) R&D Showcase |
The Effects of HDDA and n-BA & TMPTMA on the Physical and Thermal Properties of UV Irradiation Vulcanization Natural Rubber Latex
M. Noorwadi M. Lazim (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, MALAYSIA and RAYMINTEX Plant, Division of Technical Support, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, MALAYSIA),
A. Faiza Mohd (RAYMINTEX Plant, Division of Technical Support, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, MALAYSIA),
C. Keong Chai, Norazura Ibrahim (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, MALAYSIA).
Disciplinary: Rubber & Polymer Science & Technology.
doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2021.174
Keywords: 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA); n-Butyl acrylate (n-BA); UVNRL; Vulcanisation process; NR film monomer; FTIR; Acrylate monomer; DSC; Photo crosslinking; TGA; NR latex; Ultra-violet vulcanisation; Thiol-ene; Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA).
AbstractNatural rubber (NR) latex was vulcanised by exposing it to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 1.5 hours in the presence of 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), n-Butyl acrylate (n-BA), and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA). 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanoid was used as a photoinitiator. The effect of HDDA, n-BA, and TMPTMA on the physical, and thermal properties of ultraviolet irradiation vulcanisation natural rubber latex (UVNRL) was investigated. The wetting and absorption of acrylate monomer into NR film were determined by using contact angles, and absorption tests. Tensile strength, modulus, and crosslink density were investigated to study the physical properties. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the chemical interaction between acrylate monomer, and NR. The thermal properties of UVNRL samples were determined using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), and a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that NR latex formulated with HDDA had the highest tensile value and stable thermal degradation. The carbonyl group attached in UVNRL is shown in the FTIR spectrum. The diffusion of acrylate monomer into NR latex particles and the number of functional groups in acrylate monomer influenced the properties of UVNRL.
Paper ID: 12A9F
Cite this article:
Lazim, M. N. M., Mohd, A. F., Chai, C. K., and Ibrahim, N. (2021). The Effects of HDDA and n-BA & TMPTMA on the Physical and Thermal Properties of UV Irradiation Vulcanization Natural Rubber Latex. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12(9), 12A9F, 1-11. http://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2021.174
References
- Hansupalak, N. et al. (2016). Sulfur-Free Prevulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex by Ultraviolet Irradiation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 55(14), 3974-3981. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00076
- Loadman, M. J. R. (1985). M. J. R. Loadman. Journal of Thermal Analysis, 30(4), 929-941. DOI: 10.1007/bf01913321
- Makuuchi, K., & Hagiwara, M. (1984). Radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex with polyfunctional monomers. Journal of applied polymer science, 29(3), 965-976.
- Manaila, E. et al. (2014). Radiation vulcanisation of natural rubber with polyfunctional monomers. Polymer Bulletin, 71(1), 57-82. DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1045-6
- Mullins, L. (1957). Determination of Degree of Crosslinking in Natural Rubber Vulcanizates. Part I. Rubber Chemistry, and Technology, 30(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.5254/1.3542663
- Ramli, R. et al. (2014). Physical properties, and fatigue lifecycles of natural rubber latex gloves. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(3), 2714-2722.
- Rao, V., and Johns, J. (2008). Thermal behavior of chitosan / Natural rubber latex blends TG, and DSC analysis. Journal of Thermal Analysis, and Calorimetry, 92(3), 801-806.
- Schl?gl, S., Temel, A., Schaller, R., Holzner, A., & Kern, W. (2012). Characteristics of the photochemical prevulcanization in a falling film photoreactor. Journal of applied polymer science, 124(4), 3478-3486.
- Wiroonpochit, P. et al. (2017). Sulfur-Free Prevulcanization of Natural Rubber Latex by Ultraviolet Irradiation in the Presence of Diacrylates. DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01133
Other issues:
Vol.12(9)(2021)
Vol.12(8)(2021)
Vol.12(7)(2021)
Vol.12(6)(2021)
Vol.12(5)(2021)
Vol.12(4)(2021)
Archives
Call-for-Papers
Call-for-Scientific PapersCall-for-Research Papers: ITJEMAST invites you to submit high quality papers for full peer-review and possible publication in areas pertaining engineering, science, management and technology, especially interdisciplinary/cross-disciplinary/multidisciplinary subjects.
To publish your work in the next available issue, your manuscripts together with copyright transfer document signed by all authors can be submitted via email to Editor @ TuEngr.com (no space between). (please see all detail from Instructions for Authors)
Publication and peer-reviewed process:
After the peer-review process (4-10 weeks), articles will be on-line published in the available next issue. However, the International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies cannot guarantee the exact publication time as the process may take longer time, subject to peer-review approval and adjustment of the submitted articles.