International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies

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:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies

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ISSN 2228-9860
eISSN 1906-9642
CODEN: ITJEA8


FEATURE PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE

Vol.14(2)(2023)

  • The Architectural Proportions on Kedah Indian Mosques: Before and After Mosque Renovations

    Ahmad Saaid (Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (POLIMAS), Jitra, Kedah, MALAYSIA),
    Ahmad Sanusi Hassan (School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA),
    Yasser Arab (Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, OMAN),
    Boonsap Witchayangkoon (Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, THAILAND)

    Discipline: Architecture Science, Architecture & History, Islamic Studies, Islamic Architecture.

    ➤ FullText

    doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2023.31

    Keywords: Masjid Zahir; British Malaya architecture; Measured drawings; Mughal architecture; Mosque renovation; Proportional analysis; Islamic architecture; Indian Mosque; Golden ratio.

    Abstract
    The Kedah Indian Mosque's architectural style was begun in 1912 by James Gorman, a British-Malaya Government architect, to replace the old Masjid Zahir, an aging wooden mosque building built in 1735. Masjid Zahir, as it stands today, is a proud symbol of Kedah architecture. It was actually inspired by the great heritage of Mughal architecture in northern India. Many people are unaware of Masjid Zahir's theory and architecture. This study reveals the identity of Indian-Mughal architecture in the Masjid Zahir as well as five other Indian mosques in Kedah with similar characteristics. Validation tests on the measured drawings of these mosques were carried out using the evaluation of the geometrical golden rectangle. The proportional analysis of the golden ratio shows that the original design of these mosques has a higher percentage of golden ratio than these mosques today, which have undergone extensive renovations. Conclusion: The influence of Indian-Mughal architecture on the Masjid Zahir, as well as the architectural relationship with other mosques in Kedah is a new branch of knowledge in the history and theory of architecture. These buildings' location has the potential to be developed as domestic tourism nodes appreciating the architecture of Indian Mosques in Kedah.

    Paper ID: 14A2J

    Cite this article:

    Saaid, A., Hassan, A.S., Arab, Y., and Witchayangkoon, B. (2023). The Architectural Proportions on Kedah Indian Mosques: Before and After Mosque Renovations. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 14(2), 14A2J, 1-10. http://TUENGR.COM/V14/14A2J.pdf DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2023.31

References

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Other issues:
Vol.14(2)(2023)
Vol.14(1)(2023)
Vol.13(13)(2022)
Vol.13(10)(2022)
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