Credential Verification on Blockchain: A Conceptual Framework of Internet of Education (IoE) for Tertiary Education

Irni Eliana Khairuddin; Muhamad Khairulnizam Zaini; Sohaimi Zakaria; Noraayu Ahmad Uzir

:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies

http://TuEngr.com

ISSN 2228-9860
eISSN 1906-9642
CODEN: ITJEA8

FEATURE PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE

Vol.15(1)(2024)

Credential Verification on Blockchain: A Conceptual Framework of Internet of Education (IoE) for Tertiary Education

Irni Eliana Khairuddin, Muhamad Khairulnizam Zaini, Sohaimi Zakaria, and Noraayu Ahmad Uzir (Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA).

Discipline: Information Technology & Management.
➤ FullText

doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2024.1

Keywords: IoE framework; Academic credential verification; Degree verification system; IoE wallet; Credential fraud; Tertiary education; Blockchain verification; Credential verification process; Fake degree; Fraudulent credentials; Degree fraud; Higher education; Fake diploma.

Abstract
Students spend years in higher academic institutions intending to obtain higher qualifications for a better quality of life. Although the focus is to be awarded the academic scroll, however along the journey in university, the student might engage with not only academic affairs but also with other activities that contribute to elevating the level of their soft skills. This includes the credentials that they receive from volunteerism, clubs, sports, and short courses. However, these credentials are mostly in physical form and scattered. Furthermore, there is also an issue of credential fraud which involves a syndicate that produces fake degrees and certifications. Hence, a comprehensive verification system to ensure the authenticity of the credentials is vital. At present, most of the credential verification procedure in universities is conducted manually, which causes a time-consuming and tedious process. Therefore, a verification system underlying the decentralized blockchain technology could be an alternative. Internet of Education (IoE) is a framework that is designed for credential verification in academic institutions. Thus, in this paper, we intend to adopt the conceptual IoE framework for the credential verification process and redesign it specifically for tertiary education.
Paper ID: 15A1A
Cite this article:

Khairuddin, I. E., Zaini, M. K., Zakaria, S., and Ahmad Uzir, N. (2024). Credential Verification on Blockchain: A Conceptual Framework of Internet of Education (IoE) for Tertiary Education. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 15(1), 15A1A, 1-9. http://TUENGR.COM/V15/15A1A.pdf DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2024.1

References

Ahmad, I., and Begum, K. (2020). Impact of abusive supervision on intention to leave: a moderated mediation model of organizational-based self-esteem and emotional exhaustion. Asian Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-020-00116-0
Bapat, C. (2020). Blockchain for Academic Credentials. Retrieved June 2021, from https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.12665.pdf
Barigaba, J. (2016). Uganda: Scandal - How Ugandan Varsity Awarded 1,000 Sudan Sudanese Degrees in Months. [online] All Africa. Retrieved June 2021, from https://allafrica.com/stories/201611290869.html
Creola, J. (2005). Credentialism and the proliferation of fake degrees: The employer pretends to need a degree; the employee pretends to have one. Hofstra Lab. & Emp. LJ 23, 269.
CVC Nigeria.org. (2018). Retrieved June 2021, from https://www.cvcnigeria.org/view.php?id=66
Ekblaw, A., Azaria, A., Halamka, J. D., & Lippman, A. (2016, August). A Case Study for Blockchain in Healthcare:"MedRec" prototype for electronic health records and medical research data. In Proceedings of IEEE open & big data conference (Vol. 13, p. 13).
Elsden, C., Manohar, A., Briggs, J., Harding, M., Speed, C., & Vines, J. (2018). Making sense of blockchain applications. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '18 (pp. 1-14). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174032
Ezell, A. (2015). The "Axact" Scam and the Big Business of Credential Fraud [webinar]. American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
Grech, A. and Camilleri, A., F. (2017) Blockchain in Education. Retrieved March 2021, from http://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2018/15013/pdf/Grech_Camilleri_2017_Blockchain_in_Education.pdf
Grolleau, G., Lakhal, T., and Mzoughi, N. (2019). An Introduction to the economics of fake degrees. Journal of Economic Issues, 42(3), 673-693.
Hasan, S.R. (2020). Potential of blockchain technology to solve fake diploma problem. Master thesis, University of Jyvaskyla.
Henle, C. A., Dineen, B. R., & Duffy, M. K. (2019). Assessing intentional resume deception: Development and nomological network of a resume fraud measure. Journal of Business Psychology, 34, 87?106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-017-9527-4
Henry, 2018. University of Wales abolished after visa scandal. Retrieved June 2021, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/8843200/Universityof-Wales-abolished-after-visa-scandal.html
HireRight. (2017). 2017 Employment screening benchmark report. Retrieved from https://www.hireright.com/benchmarking
HireRight. (2019). Resume discrepancies in decline as APAC businesses up their efforts to screen candidates. https://www.hireright.com/apac/news/press-release/apac-2017-2018-candidate-discrepancy-s spotlight
Karamitsos, I., Papadaki, M., Baker, N., & Barghuthi, A. (2018). Design of the blockchain smart contract: A Use Case for Real Estate. Journal of Information Security, 9, 177-190. https://doi.org/10.4236/jis.2018.93013
Khairuddin, I. E, & Sas, C. (2019). An exploration of bitcoin mining practices: miners' trust challenges and motivations. In Proceedings of ACM CHI 2019 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Glasgow: ACM. DOI: 10.1145/3290605.330085
Khandelwal, H., et. al (2020). Certificate verification system using blockchain. Advances in Cybernetics, Cognition, and Machine Learning for Communication Technologies, 643, 251-257.
LEF. (2020). Learning Economy Foundation. Retrieved June 2021, from https://www.learningeconomy.io
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Retrieved January 2019, from www.Bitcoin.org
Nguyen, B., M., and Dao, T., and Do, B. (2020). Towards a blockchain-based certificate authentication system in Vietnam. Peer J Computer Sceience, 6, 266.
Saleh, O.S., Ghazali, O., and Rana, M. E. (2020). Blockchain-based framework for educational certificate verification. Journal of Critical Review, 7(3), 79-84.
Shukla et. al. (2020). Academic Credential Verification Technique Using Blockchain. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5), 4244-4254
Tariq, A., Haq, H. B., and Ali, S. T. (2019). Cerbus: A Blockchain-Based Accreditation and Degree Verification System. Retrieved June 2021, from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.06812.pdf
Zaretskiy, Y. (2016). Fake academic degrees in the 18th century. Journal Education Studies, 245-273.

Other issues:
Vol.15(2)(2024)
Vol.14(1)(2023)
Vol.13(12)(2022)
Archives

Call-for-Papers
Call-for-Scientific Papers
Call-for-Research Papers: ITJEMAST invites you to submit high quality papers for full peer-review and possible publication in areas pertaining engineering, science, management and technology, especially interdisciplinary/cross-disciplinary/multidisciplinary subjects.

To publish your work in the next available issue, your manuscripts together with copyright transfer document signed by all authors can be submitted via email to Editor @ TuEngr.com (please see all detail from Instructions for Authors)

Publication and peer-reviewed process:
After the peer-review process, articles will be on-line published in the available next issue. However, the International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies cannot guarantee the exact publication time as the process may take longer time, subject to peer-review approval and adjustment of the submitted articles.