FEATURE PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES

THE ROLE OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS IN CONSTRUCTING THE CONTINUITY OF ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY IN ERBIL CITY

Salahaddin Yasin Baper (Department of Architecture, Engineering College, University of Salahaddin-Erbil, Kirkuk road, Erbil City Kurdistan Region, IRAQ )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.1

Keywords: Empirical study; Continuity concept in architectural identity; Influence of heritage building; Morphological analysis; Identity Achievement Mechanism.

Abstract
This paper is an empirical study for the concept of continuity in architectural identity.  The aim of this paper is to measure the degree of continuity in commercial buildings design, in term of architectural identity.  Furthermore the study will illustrate the influence of heritage buildings' in constructing the continuity of architectural identity in Erbil city.  The construction of the theoretical framework will rely on a procedure of two directions, the first direction will establish a comprehensive theoretical framework (multi-dimensional model) for the concept of continuity  in architecture, while the second part will analysis  the role of heritage buildings in constructing architectural identity in commercial buildings in Erbil City.  The finding of the study indicates that the heritage buildings visual elements and its architectural cues playing a tangible role in constructing architectural identity in  buffer zones of the city but this effect is gradually decrease in other sectors due to adopting the hybrid approach by melting modern technology within architectural features of the city.




THE CREATIVE ROLE OF GREEN ROOF IN INFORMAL AREA: A PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE TOOL FOR PROMOTING, MEASURING, AND GUIDING GREEN ROOF DESIGNS AND IMPLEMENTATIONS

Reham Ibrahim Momtaz (Department of Architecture Engineering Modern Academy, EGYPT )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.2

Keywords: Design Guidelines; Deteriorated Urban Fabric; Monitoring Tool; Environment; Modular tray systems.

Abstract
The urban growth of Cairo over the last few decades has resulted in a deteriorated urban fabric. So, many comprehensive environmental problems have occurred. The utilization of green roofs in informal areas, reduces pollutants in the atmosphere and also compensates the lack of green areas at the urban level. The paper aims to provide a tool that can be applied on any form of green roof design especially on the buildings exciting in the informal areas. In addition, landscape designers can use it as a guiding and monitoring tool during the design process to achieve the maximum social, environmental and economic benefits. The paper concluded that an expected shift of interest regarding the ecological and social human dimensions have been noticed and also, improving the environmental aspects. Therefore, the design of green roofs is a multidimensional process that includes environmental, aesthetic, social and economic aspects.




EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND AMMONIA ON CORAL HEALTH STATUS: A CASE STUDY OF DISC CORAL (Turbinaria peltata)

Bussapakorn Udomsap , Petchporn Chawakitchareon * (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND ), Sompop Rungsupa (Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.6

Keywords: Seawater temperature; Ammonia concentration; Coral health status; Active polyps; Lethal concentration.

Abstract
This research focused on the effects of temperature and ammonia on the coral health status of disc coral (Turbinaria peltata) by using acute toxicity testing (50% Lethal Concentration: LC₅₀). The acute effects of temperature and ammonia on disc coral were monitored at 24 and 48 hrs. The experiments were carried out in triplicate at temperatures of 30ºC and 33ºC. The concentrations of ammonia were varied at 0, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.1 mgN/L, respectively. The active polyp percentages of disc coral was analyzed with comparison to the health status percentages. According to the findings at 30ºC and at 24 and 48 hrs, and at 33ºC and 24 hrs, the acute toxicity of coral bleaching (LC₅₀) could not be investigated. This is because the coral health status was insufficiently low due to decline, or the mortality percentages were not below 50 percent. On the other hand, at 33ºC and 48 hrs, the acute toxicity of coral bleaching (LC₅₀) could be evaluated. The experimental results strongly indicate that the mortality percentages exceeded 50 percent. These findings were confirmed by Zooxanthellae density in seawater equaling 109.4 cell/ml. Therefore, the LC₅₀ at 48 hrs in this study was equal 0.075 mg N/L.




CHLORIDE INFILTRATION EFFECTS BY REPLACING NATURAL SAND IN CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH RICE HULL ASH, DARK HUSK ASH, AND CRUSHED DUST

Phongphoom Sornchomkaew * (Department of Civil Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin Wang Klai Kang Won Campus, Prachaup Kiri Kan 77110, THAILAND ), Boonsap Witchayangkoon, and Sayan Sirimontree ( Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumtani 12120, THAILAND )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.3

Keywords: Pozzolanic reaction ; Colorimetric technique; Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); chloride infiltration depth.

Abstract
This research studied the infiltration effects of chloride in concrete mixed with rice hull ash, dark husk ash and crushed dust to replace sand. The experiment carried out by making cylindrical concrete specimens with mixture of rice hull and dark husk ash instead of cement at the consequent percentages of 0, 10, 20, and 30 by weight and also the use of crushed dust instead of sand at the consequent percentages of 0, 10, 20, and 30 by weight. These concrete specimens have been soaked in marine environment at Cha-Am Beach, Petchburi province of Thailand for 90 days, tested for chloride infiltration in the concrete specimens by Colorimetric technique. The finding stated that chloride infiltration in all concrete samples was at 50% compared with the standard concrete. The best resistance of chloride infiltration was the one sand 10% replacement of crushed dust. According to the study, it showed that concrete specimen with rice hull ash and dark husk ash mixture caused Pozzolanic reaction effecting for more density, durability and thus decreasing of chloride infiltration in long term.




PRELIMINARY VISUALIZATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY BY 5D WORLD MAP SYSTEM FOR BANGKOK

Khoumkham Ladsavong, Petchporn Chawakitchareon* (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND ), Yasushi Kiyoki ( Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Shonan Fijisawa Campus, Kanagawa, JAPAN) and Shiori Sasaki (Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, JAPAN)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.4

Keywords: 5DWM System; water quality conditions.

Abstract
This paper presents a preliminary visualization of surface water quality by 5D World Map (5DWM) system of three canals i.e. Bang Sue Canal, SamSen Canal, and Bang Krabue Canal in Bangkok, Thailand. Seven sampling sites were selected and thirteenth parameters were analyzed i.e. temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD, H2S, SS, TKN, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, TP, Salinity. The previous data selected from 2007 to April 2017. These parameters were analyzed and visualized by 5DWM system. The results indicated the 5DWM visualized those parameters of each water sampling site in term of different colors and graphics that they indicate the water quality conditions change from past to present due to the system can show the water quality states in time series.




COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SHADING PERFORMANCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND NEO-MINIMALIST STYLE APARTMENT IN MALAYSIA

Yasser Arab *, Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, ( School of Housing Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA ), and Bushra Qanaa ( Faculty of Architecture, Ittihad Private University, SYRIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.5

Keywords: Apartment façade; Traditional Architecture; Neo-minimalist Architecture; Sunlight Shading; Sun path diagram.

Abstract
This study compares shading performance on the front façade of two different architectural style apartments in a tropical region. The front façades of two high-rise apartment buildings in Putrajaya and Penang, Malaysia are selected in this study. The first case study is a sixteen stories apartment building with traditional architectural style located at Precinct KE P16 in Putrajaya. Putrajaya is the administrative city for the federal government, and it is considered the latest new city in Malaysia which showcases postmodern design which exhibits a range of complex geometric elements blending with colonial, modern and traditional architectural style. The second case study is Bayswater condominium with neo-minimalist style, a twenty six stories apartment located at the east cost of Penang Island, Malaysia. The research finds that the shading elements and the façade design such as having recessed wall with the balcony and roof overhang make traditional architectural style is very sufficient and effective to provide good shading system during all the simulation hours except for the first and the last hour of the day due to the sun position angel.

Kanchana Pinwiset, Winai Raksuntorn *, and Boonsap Witchayangkoon * (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumtani, 12120 THAILAND )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.7

Keywords: NR; NRL; Red dirt soil; Trial Mix Cement; unconfined compression test; surfactant.

Abstract
This research applies natural rubber latex (NRL) to improve the quality of cement clay roads. In laboratory test, multiple specimens have been prepared. The research uses high ammonia latex concentrate (60% Dry Rubber Content (DRC)), mixed with surfactant and pure water. Then it was sprayed and mixed to the red dirt road that has been admixed with cement. The red dirt material used for the research was taken from Ubon Ratchathani province, northeastern of Thailand. The dirt soil is a mix of gravel, sand, and clay with poorly graded grain size distribution. The test uses varying amount of cement (4%, 6% and 8%), and NRL (0%, 5%, 8%, 10%). From the experiment, the best mixture ratio is to use NRL 5%, cement 8%, and surfactant 2%. With seven-day air-curing, the averaged compressive strength of the rubber latex soil cement specimens is 1.72 MPa.

BEHAVIORS OF THE COMPOSITE SLAB COMPOSED OF CORRUGATED STEEL SHEET AND CONCRETE TOPPING USING NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Arak Montha, Sayan Sirimontree *, and Boonsap Witchayangkoon (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumtani, 12120 THAILAND )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.8

Keywords: Shear connector; longitudinal steel reinforcement; Composite slab section; ABAQUS; Slab deck; Concrete topping.

Abstract
Behaviors under static loading of the composite slab composed of corrugated steel and concrete topping are studied in this work using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. The main parameters are mechanical shear connector, concrete strength, thickness of corrugated steel and additional steel rebar placed on the bottom of concrete topping. The software ABACUS® is utilized in the analysis. The analytical results are compared and calibrated to the experimental results performed by previous researchers. The verified finite element model is used to study the effects of the principle parameters, which cannot be practically performed by the experiment. The results show that slab without shear connecter failed in the brittle manner due to interface slip of concrete and corrugated steel after flexural cracking of concrete topping. The horizontal shear connectors used to prevent the interface slip are significantly increasing the load carrying capacity of composite slab. This is because concrete topping and corrugated steel are perform composite action. However, the low thickness and cross sectional area of corrugated steel, lead to the low flexural and load carrying capacity of the composite slab. It can be said that corrugated steel acts as a form of concrete topping. The most effective method to increase the flexural capacity of composite slab is by adding reinforcing bar at the bottom of concrete topping and shear connectors. The additional reinforcing bar can delay the abrupt failure of the composite slab after flexural cracking of concrete topping.

HOME OWNERSHIP IN LOW-COST HOUSES IN PENANG, MALAYSIA

Abdunnaser Ali Moh Abujrad *, and Ahmad Sanusi Hassan (School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.9

Keywords: Penang Household, Industrialised Building System; IBS; household characteristics; living conditions.

Abstract
Low-cost housing has been the concern of many parties lately especially the government agencies. Housing prices are rising faster than wages around the world, many people especially the low-income groups thus turn towards low-cost housing for home ownership. This paper discusses the home ownership in low-cost housing in Penang, Malaysia, especially the importance of housing towards us, the low-cost housing concept adopted by the Malaysian government, and the low-cost housing provision done by both public and private sector in order to eliminate the housing crisis in Malaysia. Through the Malaysia Five-Year Plan, various programs are created and have been undertaken by both government bodies and private agencies to help increase home ownership amongst the low-income groups. Provision to provide greater number of low-cost housing has also led to the consideration of usage of alternative construction techniques such as the Industrialised Building System (IBS) by local authorities. Although the usage of IBS in Malaysia’s construction industry is gaining in popularity, however, it is yet to operate in full capacity. Through this paper, it is hoped that IBS can become more widely accepted especially for the provision of low-cost houses. The methodology for this study is through survey using questionnaires. From the questionnaires, the household characteristics of respondents are studied. The results highlight issues relating to low-cost housing such as the living conditions faced by the respondents.

THE IMPACT OF DAYLIGHTING-ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING INTEGRATION ON BUILDING OCCUPANTS’ HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE

Najib T. Al-Ashwal *, and Ahmad Sanusi Hassan(School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.10

Keywords: Building Occupants; Energy efficiency; Occupants’ productivity.

Abstract
Natural lighting was the primary light source in buildings prior to the invention of the electrical lighting in 1879. After that, artificial lighting was mainly utilized to supplement natural lighting. Artificial lighting has nowadays become the major source to illuminate working spaces. However, due to the growing concern of passive design, energy efficiency and environmental issues, daylighting is integrated with artificial lighting to reduce energy consumption. The benefits obtained from the efficient utilization of daylight are not limited to architecture and energy aspects only. Rather, natural lighting affects building occupants in various aspects. This includes occupants’ preferences, health, performance, and productivity. This paper aims to review the previous literature to highlight the impact of daylighting on building occupants, particularly in schools and office buildings. Many studies have proven that a large number of students and office workers (60-85%) prefer daylighting as a source of illumination. It was found that proper daylighting designs help maintain good health, reduce stress levels of office workers and alleviate headaches. Internal lighting conditions have had a noticeable effect on building occupants’ performance and productivity. An increase of about (5-15%) in the productivity of office workers was reported when daylight was efficiently integrated with artificial lighting in their working places. The reviewed studies showed an increase in students and teachers’ attendance in classes, which were mainly illuminated by daylight. In addition, students’ progress was faster in math and reading tests (20-26%) compared with those, who occupied a classroom with less daylighting.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SUBTERRANEAN HEAT USE IN AN EARTH TUBE COMMUNITY HOUSE

Ayumi JIMBO *, Hiroo TARUMI (Department of Architecture, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, JAPAN )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.11

Keywords: Earth tube system; Subterranean heat use; Measurement survey; ventilation; in house humidity.

Abstract
This study involves a year-round measurement survey of outside air and indoor outlet temperature and humidity for a community house with an earth tube system constructed in Japan. The effectiveness of using subterranean heat in a house in the Hokuriku region is examined by calculating heat extraction in summer and heat addition in winter. The main features of this research are as follows: (1) an earth tube system (total length approximately 125 m) is installed beside a house at a depth of 2 m to reduce excavation costs; (2) measurements are taken under the condition of a ventilation rate of 0.33　times/h (ventilation air volume, approximately 260m³/h), which represents a fresh air load reduction and (3) the sensible and latent heat of the heat extraction in summer and the heat addition in winter under Hokuriku climate conditions in Japan are analyzed. The thermal effect of an earth tube system in summer is larger than in winter. The peak in heat extraction by the earth tube system was -1722 MJ/month in July and the latent heat portion of -906 MJ/month has exceeded the sensible heat portion of -866 MJ/month.

EFFICACY OF DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN OFFICE BUILDINGS IN PHNOM PENH CITY

Yonghuort Lim * (Institute of Technology of Cambodia, PO Box 86, Russian Conf. Blvd. Pnom Penh, CAMBODIA ) and Mohd Rodzi Ismail (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.12

Keywords: Cavity depth Building energy simulation; End-use energy; Cooling energy; Laminated glass; DSF.

Abstract
The use of glazed façades for office buildings in Phnom Penh city has been increasing these days, and those conventional façades lead to a high energy demand especially for cooling purpose in the buildings. Almost fifty percent of the overall annual energy has been consumed by the commercial sector in Cambodia, and it keeps growing year after year. Pertaining to the matter, the use of double skin façade (DSF) as one of the approaches to improve building energy performance has been studied. The objectives of this study are, to assess the potential of DSFs on building energy efficiency, and to propose its optimum configurations for office buildings in Phnom Penh city. To do so, the different DSF parameters consisted of cavity depth, glass materials for interior and exterior layer and shading device for DSFs were investigated by using the whole building energy simulation program, EnergyPlus^TM. The primary result shows that DSF is a good technique to achieve building energy efficiency in Phnom Penh city, but it does require a proper design to avoid unexpected issues such as excessive solar radiation and thermal transfer into the building through the building’s façade. The optimum parameters of DSF found in the study are 500 mm cavity depth, bronze laminated glass for the internal, and external layers of DSF, and external blind louvre. The combination of all optimum parameters could potentially reduce about 34% of the annual energy demand.

A STUDY OF BUILDING RENOVATION TO BE A NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING: CASE STUDY OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION OFFICE, BUILDING AND FACILITY DIVISION, KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY

Chumnan Boonyaputthipong * (Faculty of Architecture, Khon Kaen University, THAILAND )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.13

Keywords: Solar-cell; Energy Saving; Building Renovation; Photovoltaic installation; PV cell.

Abstract
Energy consumption in Khon Kaen University, Thailand, has each year increased due to the demand for facility and buildings. The Energy Management and Innovation Office is the main sector that has a responsibility to promote and organize energy use within the campus. Renovation its building to be net-zero energy building will be a learning case for students and community. Energy saving factors are also taken into the consideration. The record showed that the average of energy consumption in this building is 21,735.4 Kilowatt-hour per year or 59.55 Kilowatt-hour per day. So, by using 300 watts solar-cell panel, the number of solar panel for supporting the energy use in this building is 86 panels. The building has available roof area for the photovoltaic system installation comprising 86 solar panels faced to the south with service space between the panels. Finally, the result shows that the Energy Management and Innovation Office building can be a net zero energy building. This study result will be used as information for the future plan of the university.

Muhammad Hishamuddin Zakaria* , Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Ku Azhar Ku Hassan, and Mazran Ismail (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.14

Keywords: Architectural spatial quality; Phenomenology; Urban space; Materiality; Built Environment; Visual perception; Psychological perception; Spatial layout; Architectural design.

Abstract
Architecture plays an important role to perceive and experience urban spaces for the positive feelings and participation of the urbanites through its sensations, contemplation and physical engagement. A lot of theories and possibilities in term of designing a healing environment through spatial awareness in a very challenging urban context where all kinds of social and environmental issues are gathered have been reviewed. Previous researches have been revised through to understand different theories and approaches to achieve healing sense through representation of architectural spatial quality. Based on the study, exploration of all architectural elements and principles on the spatial quality have high tendency to stimulate the healing environment in a persona with the stimulation of five human senses with a thorough studies, order and translation into the tactile phenomenology of built form. These architectural elements will stimulate positive healing environment within the urban context while handling with the existing issues.

SECURITY PRINCIPLES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT FOR CUSTOM CHECKPOINTS

Adele Teo Yan Ni *, Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Ku Azhar Ku Hassan , and Mazran Ismail (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.15

Keywords: Built Environment; Secure Residential Environment; Architectural design; Facility Layout; Spatial layout; Crime Prevention.

Abstract
This study identifies building typologies which are suitable to be adapted in a development when security is paramount.  The study reviews books related to security in the built environment and then applies these principles into custom buildings in Malaysia.  Newman (1977) stated that a building should have clear distinction of areas which are influenced by the inhabitants, to have opportunity to survey the surrounding.  Healy (1983) argued that having a proper site layout of facility and his principle of Three Line of Defenses would ensure security in a building.  Finally, Crouch et al (1999) stated that having communal areas and proper lighting would avoid crime.  These total five principles can be implemented in institutional buildings to warrant security.     First is to have a clear distinction of public and private spaces. Second is to give the opportunity to survey the surroundings. Third is to have a proper site layout.  Fourth is to implement the Three Line of Defenses as proposed by Healy (1983) and finally to ensure a facility to have adequate lighting.  It can be concluded that these approaches are derived from three elements: eradicating the fear in people, lessening the opportunities for offenders to act on a crime and an understanding of human psychology to create a boundary.

RESIDENTS’ SATISFACTION ON MAJED SHARARAH PREFABRICATED PROJECT IN ADEN, YEMEN

Lamia Mohammed Al-Shaibani*, and Nurwati Badarulzaman (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.16

Keywords: Dwelling features; Structure quality; SPSS; Satisfaction criteria; Prefabrication building; Questionnaire survey.

Abstract
Residents’ satisfaction studies have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. It is used to indicate how products and services meet or exceed residents’ expectations or specified satisfaction goals. This study examined the level of residents’ satisfaction towards the design and structure quality of a low cost prefabricated concrete residential project in Aden, Yemen. Data for the research was collected from a structured questionnaire administered through a simple random sampling technique. The survey involved 132 respondents. A total of 120 from 132 questionnaires were successfully retrieved for analysis yielding 91% response rate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and cross tabulation in SPSS version 24 to determine the residents’ satisfaction by mean scores on a five-point Likert scale. Study findings showed that dwelling features were rated slightly satisfactory by most residents of the project, while structure quality was rated unsatisfactory by most residents of the project.

WINDOWS OPERATION FOR RESIDENTS’ THERMAL COMFORT IN NATURALLY VENTILATED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN MALAYSIA

Zeyad Amin Abdo Saeed Al-Absi, Noor Faisal Abas *, and Faizal Baharum (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.17

Keywords: Natural ventilation; Indoor environment; Residential buildings; Solar radiation; Building orientation; Building geometry; Shading device.

Abstract
Field environmental measurements were conducted for the indoor environment as well as the microclimate surrounding the building. Part of the indoor measurements was performed in two spaces for a full day with opened windows and another day with closed windows. One of the spaces’ facade is exposed to direct solar radiation while the other is shaded by a balcony. The objective was to investigate the effect of windows operation on the indoor environment under the direct exposure to solar radiation. Results showed that opening windows helps to reduce the indoor operative temperature in space under direct solar radiation, whereas it causes an increase in space under shadings. Occupants must understand that windows operation is highly influenced by direct exposure to solar radiation. Additionally, this indicates the importance of building orientation, geometry, shading devices and thermal insulation to avoid the effects of solar radiation and reduce the indoor temperature.

A REVIEW OF RATIONALE OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

Maidodo Adam Maiyaki *, Azizan Marzuki, Rahmat Ibn Azam Mustafa (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.18

Keywords: Developing nations; Public awareness; Active community participation; Waste handling; waste collection cost; waste transportation; Trash management.

Abstract
This paper undertakes a comprehensive review of the growing international literature on the community participation, regarding solid waste management.  It examines a range of approaches and identifies the key attributes associated with effects of community involvement in urban solid waste management.  The authors critically evaluate worsening condition of urban solid waste management in developing nations particularly, Nigeria and suggest directions for future research attention.  The discussion provides valuable information and insights on the emergence of waste management and the need for community participation in developing nations including Nigeria.

CONTEXTUAL PREDICTORS OF URBAN PARK UTILISATION AMONG MALAYSIAN ETHNIC GROUPS

Jibril Danazimi Jibril (Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Faculty of Earth & Environmental Sciences. Bayero University, Kano. NIGERIA ) and Hesham Omran Elfartas (Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Higher Institute of Science and Technology. Al-Khmos, LIBYA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.19

Keywords: Multi-ethnicity; Public Spaces; Social interaction; Communities’ need; Social cohesion; Socialization; Natural space.

Abstract
Social interaction among diverse ethnic groups motivates people within communities to visit urban parks inline to achieving social cohesion. In Malaysia for example, different ethnic backgrounds spend their leisure time in urban parks, this is because the trend offer opportunities for social interaction among the users. The perception and requirement of attributes needed varies among the various ethnic groups that includes Malays, Chinese and Indians, this is to assured their full utilization of the parks. This study investigates the urban park attributes of the said three ethnics that encourage the utilization of urban park toward achieving social cohesion. Using survey questionnaire method a total of 274 respondents were sampled at Batu Pahat urban parks in Johor, Malaysia. Afterwards, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse and validate respondents’ perception of urban park utilization. The findings show that aesthetics, safety, lighting, maintenance and cleanliness of the urban parks are the determinant factors that attracted the users to utilise the parks and contribute to achieve a social cohesion.

A STUDY ON MENTAL MAPPING: CASE OF GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS, GEORGE TOWN, PENANG

Muhammad Hilmi Mohamed Pauzi*, Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Yasser Arab, and Muna Hanim Abdul Samad (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.20

Keywords: Urban design element; Kevin Lynch Theory; Kevin Lynch’s elements; urban mapping; urban design planning.

Abstract
George Town urban layout affected by the British military administration that still exists today. The urban design element of the government buildings in George Town creates an ideal environment for their purpose and relation from space to another space. This study carries out by approaches every detail of urban design element and their purpose by referring British administration concept model theory with historical background through observation and urban mapping by using geographic information system (GIS). A configuration of administration town is influenced by the seaside development and trading community through divide and rule ideology that introduced by British Administration. Isolation of community in Penang during that times have pro and contra, which affected urban design planning in George Town, Penang. This study shows that British administration concept model has influenced the urban design and eventually affected the economy and social pattern of surrounding community in George Town, Penang and somehow created its attraction by fulfilling Kevin Lynch Urban Design Elements which are the path, nodes, edges, district, and landmarks. By having this pattern, designer or urban planner could understand a better the community behaviour and movement in the area.

Wong Yuh Yao *, Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Ku Azhar Ku Hassan , and Mazran Ismail (School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.21

Keywords: Building Circulation; Building Approach; Building Entrance; Configuration of the Path; Path-space Relationships; Form of the Circulation Space Movement; Spatial layout; Architectural design.

Abstract
This paper studies the building circulation system as a key organizing mechanism of layout and communication space as it links with the exterior and interior areas and mirrors the entire spatial layout of the building. This study approaches the principles of how movement occurs within the built environment, not based on the architecture which moves, but rather the movement of human form within architectural design. This work is primarily based on the literature reviews of the books and journals that have studied and discuss the issues. The main elements for circulation can be categories into five elements which consist of Building Approach, Building Entrance, and Configuration of the Path, Path-space Relationships, and Form of the Circulation Space. This study shows that the appropriate space design and building form affect the human movement and circulation pattern. Therefore, to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of building circulation, the architects and building designers must ensure that the elements and approaches regarding the circulation are fully utilized during the initial design stages.

CONSTRUCTION DELAYS OF BUILDING REPAIR PROJECT AFTER THAILAND’S 2011 MAJOR FLOOD: CASE STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL GOVERNMENT SECTORS

Chaisak Pisitpaibool *, and Dhaninrat Suksomkullanan (Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, 12120, THAILAND )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.22

Keywords: Repair delay; Building repair; Major flood; As-planned schedule; Construction delay; As-built schedule; Repair management.

Abstract
Many buildings and properties of the central region of Thailand had been damaged by major flood in 2011. A set of nine buildings was selected as a case study to represent the building repair of the Higher Educational Government Sectors. Five approaches of the retrospective technique were used to analyze the impact of these delays on the schedule. The actual project completion was 17 days behind the as-plan schedule. However, time extensions obtained from schedule impact analysis techniques were -8, 0, 0, 17 and 29 days. Time extensions of 17 and 29 days were obtained from the approaches, which ignored all details of each delay. The negative time delays imply that the delay caused by the contractors had significant impacts on the repair project. Results from this study showed that the owner and excusable delay had no influence on request for extension because the longer delay durations of the System Work and the Other Jobs were caused by the contractor. The unexpected situation discovered was black molds growing on many pieces of gypsum board walls and ceilings, thus required replacements.

RISK ASSESSMENT OF FIRST OVERSEAS MASS RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT: PROMULGATING INTERPRETIVE QUALITATIVE PARADIGM FOR CHINA PAKISTAN CONSTRUCTION CONCESSION

Farman AFZAL *, Shao YUNFEI (School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology Chengdu, PR. CHINA ), Muhammad SAJID (School of Management, Royal Holloway, University of London, UNITED KINGDOM), and Fahim AFZAL (Business School of Hohai University, Hohai University Nanjing, PR. CHINA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.23

Keywords: Risk Factors, Success Criteria, Probability-Impact Matrix, Mega Construction Projects, Project Stakeholders, Risk Management.
JEL Classifications: G32, H43, M1, O22.

Abstract
Integrated Project Risk (PR) planning is an urge to reduce growing risk and achieve better project goals. The study illustrates about the inherent individual PR for the success of Mass Rapid Transit project encountered by each project stakeholder. Risks are addressed across project level, market level, and country level in a highly uncertain environment. For holistic analysis, the interpretive paradigm case study approach is followed for this unique project case application. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain feedback from construction experts, attached with the first Orange Line Metro Train (OLMT) project in Pakistan. Classification of complex Risk Factors (RFs) and Success Criteria (SC) for OLMT is quantified through thematic analysis and node process. Integrated Probability-Impact (PI) matrix is designed for the significance of factors at project evaluation stage. Subject to the findings of this study, it proposes a high-level Risk Assessment (RA) framework which signifies the classification and adaptation of key Success Factors (SF) at key stakeholder’s levels. Adequate findings derived from this study will help to better evaluate the Project Risk Management (PRM) practices for risk maturity in a limited budget and high complexity.

THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS ON THE USABILITY OF RESIDENTIAL SPACES

Salahaddin Yasin Baper * and Saya Jamal Rashid (Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan, IRAQ )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.24

Keywords: Residential spaces; Erbil city, SPSS; usability concept.

Abstract
Usability studies are a cultural phenomenon to understand user’s experience. It is a part of human behavior activities to value the user’s satisfaction. Social sustainability has a strong relationship with ecological and economic conditions of the society, improving the quality of life within urban communities. Recently Kurdistan region witnessed rapid developments which led to expanding of urbanization and increasing housing complexes around main cities. These complexes have been applied without any consideration to the social sustainability aspects. This study objective is to evaluate the impact of social sustainability factors on the usability of residential spaces through a detailed questionnaire in order to improve previous suggested models. This study investigates the significant correlation between factors affecting the usability of residential spaces and to predicate the usability of residential spaces from independent variables of social sustainability, which includes responsiveness to social needs, quality of life, comfort and wellbeing, spatial organization, social interaction, and flexibility. In view of that; correlation analysis (Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Test) was used to explore the relationships among the variables as well as to describe the strength and direction of the liner relationship between variables. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis was conducted to formulate an equation that represent the best prediction of the usability of residential spaces from several independent variables of social sustainability. Based on the hypotheses testing, this study reveals a positive association between social sustainability factors and the usability of house space. The results concluded that “flexibility”, “social interaction”, “responsiveness to social need” are the significant factors that have direct impact on the usability of house space.

PAVEMENT EVALUATION OF AIRPORT TAXIWAY AND EFFECT OF INCREASING ACN TO PAVEMENT REMAINING LIFE

Krisana Chaleewong and Chaisak Pisitpaibool * (Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, 12120, THAILAND )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.25

Keywords: Flexible Pavement; Layer Elastic Design (LED); CBR method; CDF; ACN-PCN method; Aircraft.

Abstract
This research evaluates the strength of the flexible taxiway pavement. The Cumulative Damage Factor (CDF), which is then expressed in the form of remaining life, is determined by applying the Layer Elastic Design (LED) theory. Strength of the pavement is evaluated by the Aircraft Classification Number - Pavement Classification Number (ACN-PCN) procedure, based on the CBR method. The remaining life of the taxiway causing by the increasing ACN is also evaluated. It is found that the taxiway area A5 provides the lowest remaining lifetime, which is 0.9 years. The taxiway area A2 provides the lowest PCN value, which is 130. It should be noted that, when the ACN aircraft is increase and the ACN/PCN ratio is equal or larger than 0.7-0.8, the pavement remaining life is reduced. In addition, when the ACN/PCN ratio is greater than 1.0 (ACN is overload), the remaining life decreases in the form of an exponential function. The remaining life should be taken into account in the procedure of pavement evaluation.

DESIGN CRITERIA OF CHILDREN'S SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH CENTER FORMULATION (STUDENT RESEARCH-CENTER)

Abbas Ghaffari (Faculty of Multimedia, Islamic Art University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IRAN) and Sara Azizi (Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.26

Keywords: Child Research Center; Education systems; Project-based learning; Learning concept; Design indicators.

Abstract
The lack of research and analysis in Iranian educational system has made it possible for education to take shape within the theoretical framework and has its own limitation. The result of this process is the lack of optimal productivity of mental and intellectual abilities of children and adolescents. Student research center has been developed in order to expand the research and innovation culture in the country, but there have not been investigations and studies to evaluate and design these spaces. This research, as one of the first guidelines in the field of criteria for designing student research centers, seeks to identify design indicators that affect the design quality of researchers and their impact on creativity and research mood. Based on the field studies, preliminary discussions and the conceptual model of the purposeful questionnaires were prepared, and the relationship between the statistical (SPSS®) factors was measured; then the research model was evaluated between the three groups of students, teachers, employees and architects The results of the analysis indicates that the physical factors, social-sensual factors, and functional factors are the foremost important criteria of design student's research center that should be considered in the design of the architects.

ESTIMATING BANKRUPTCY PROBABILITY OF CREDIT ORGANIZATIONS

Dilyara F. Zakirova * (Department of Banking, Kazan Federal University, RUSSIA) , Dmitry S. Panteleev (Kazan affiliated branch of Russian State University of Justice, RUSSIA ) , and Elvira F. Zakirova (Department of Criminal Law, Kazan Federal University, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.27

Keywords: Banking system; Bank default; Financial stability; Fianancial Engineering; Bank bankruptcy; Financial stability, Risks forecasting system of bankruptcy.

Abstract
The paper discusses the issue of bankruptcy of credit institutions in the Russian Federation. In addition, this work reveals the causes for the formation of effective systems for preventing defaults, and presents the analysis of the causes for the deterioration of financial stability of credit institutions. Also, this work reviews the main approaches and authoring techniques used in world practice to assess the probability of bankruptcies; as well as a system of factors that affect the financial stability of a credit institution up to its possible default is formed. Moreover, a system for forecasting the risk of bankruptcy in a Russian bank with a forecast horizon of 5 months and a classification accuracy of 88.33% was proposed. The proposed diagnostic system was based on a logistic regression model of binary choice, what makes it possible to distinguish between financially stable and problem banks. The sample included all banks that suffered a default in the period under study. The comparatively high classification ability of the model presented allows it to be used in practice by both credit institutions in formulating a development strategy, developing measures to prevent bankruptcy and improving financial stability, and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation when monitoring the Russian banking sector and identifying banks that are at risk.

ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES OF MODERN RUSSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

Elena V. Susimenko * (Institute of Fundamental Engineering Education, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), RUSSIA), Sergey I. Samygin (Department of Human Resource Management and Sociology, Rostov State Economic University (RINH), RUSSIAN FEDERATION) , Dmitry V. Krotov (Department of Human Resource Management and Sociology, Rostov State Economic University (RINH), RUSSIAN FEDERATION) , Yulia V. Maslova (Institute of Fundamental Engineering Education, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), RUSSIA) , Irina I. Pavlenko (Department of ICT, Math and Information Security, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, RUSSIA), Olga O. Afanaseva (Faculty of Social Work, Russian State Social University (RSSU), RUSSIA), Nina N. Kapanyan (Institute of Fundamental Engineering Education, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.28

Keywords: Higher education reform; Euality of education; Learning modernization; Higher education investment; Market of educational service.

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the transformational processes taking place in the system of modern Russian higher education. The main directions of transformational processes demonstrating the crisis of the modern higher education system include: weakening the role of the government as a structural and administrative basis of the education system; deideologization of the education system; the lack of linking mechanisms between education and the labor market; the problem of quality of education and effectiveness of the educational process; the problem of recession of the intellectual potential of youth; the problem of transformation of the value of education; lack of strategic development of the education system. Analysis of the changes taking place in the system of Russian higher education proves us that modern Russian society, while changing the economic course towards innovations, orientation towards increasing the efficiency of economy and its modernization, needs other, new approaches to the development of higher education system. A full-fledged and efficiently functioning market of educational services is important to be considered as a necessary condition for a high level of production and competitiveness in the world market.

IDENTIFICATION EFFECTIVE COMPONENTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PATTERN IN RURAL COOPERATIVES OF IRAN

Gholam Reza Nakhaei (Department of Entrepreneurship, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Aliabad Katoul, IRAN) Abdolreza Sobhani * (Department of Cultural Management, College of Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRAN ), Mahmoud Reza Mostaghimi (Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Aliabad Katoul, IRAN ), and Seyyed Mohammad Reza Hosseini (Department of Economics, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Aliabad Katoul, IRAN )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.29

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Model; Entrepreneurship of Rural Cooperative; Cooperation function; Theoretical analysis.

Abstract
Today’s complex, dynamic and uncertain environments, rural Cooperative Enterprises, as NGOs, the proper structure are the implementation of the entrepreneurship pattern in countries, that leads to the creation of positive social interactions, cultural, economic and legal gets out in rural communities. The purpose of this research is to the identification of effective components on organizational entrepreneurship pattern in rural cooperatives of Iran. Research methodology is a documentary research and theoretical analytical approach. Findings the research shows that the components affecting entrepreneurship model are popularity, economic development, co-operative functions, individual characteristics, field of activity and social ideal. It can be concluded that by identifying effective indicators and expanding the culture of entrepreneurship, along with identification of resources, opportunities and threats, we can create new ways to entrepreneurship development in rural cooperatives. Therefore, the concept of Rural Cooperative Entrepreneurship is paying with a new look, comprehensive, and endogenous to discovery and create opportunities in rural cooperatives that with utilization the appropriate opportunities creates economic, social and cultural development of villages.

ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL OF A COUNTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC AND GEOPOLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA

Irina Malganova * (Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Kazan Federal University, Kazan (Volga Region), RUSSIA), Diba Dokhkilgova, and Dzhamilya Saralinova (Department of Management of Regional Economy, Chechen State University, Grozny, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.30

Keywords: Strategy for scientific development; Technological development; sustainable development; science-business; scientists; innovators.

Abstract
Russia's strategic development today is realized in complex macroeconomic and foreign policy conditions, burdened by sanctions measures against the Russian economy. The obvious relevance is topics of the scientific and technological development. The high importance of these issues for Russia is the aspects of the stated problems debatable and uncovered in the scientific literature determined our choice for research. This paper analyzes the main conceptual vectors in the strategic course of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. Existing problems are analyzed and solutions are presented. Prioritized tasks have been systemized; principal directions of state policy in the scientific and technological sphere, defining the upper profile of the state strategic planning system are systematized. The factors preventing sustainable development in the context of the "science-business" model are revealed. The tools promoting the support of national scientific interests in the global market, mechanisms of interaction and strengthening of the ties between science, business and the state based on their interdependence, are presented. The role of science and innovations in providing an effective system of building and using intellectual potential as a condition for a sustainable future of the nation is considered. The importance of the popularization of science, the prestige of scientists in the creation and enhancement of the country's intellectual potential is emphasized.

ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS: “DOWN” IDIOMS TO EXPRESS EMOTIONS IN ENGLISH AND TATAR

Olesya V. Zabavnova, and Radif R. Zamaletdinov (Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication, Graduate School of Russian and Foreign Philology Lev Tolstoy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, RUSSIA)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.31

Keywords: Orientational metaphor; Verbalization; Emotion; Up and down mapping; Linguistic means; Linguoculture.

Abstract
This paper focuses on the potential of “down” idioms to express negative emotions in two diverse cultures – Anglo-Saxon and Tatar. English is very idiomatic in its nature giving a plenty of opportunities to its linguistic means to express various abstract phenomena, including psychological ones. Tatar abounds in colorful idioms relating to the emotional disturbances that contribute to the expression of human state in all the shades.  The given research presents a comprehensive overview of the interrelation between languages and human mentality in the form of metaphor thinking.  To reach the research goals the following methods were employed: comparative, descriptive; contextual analysis, continuous sampling and statistic estimation. Based on the research results, we come to statement of different and common features in the patterns of “down” idioms verbalizing negative emotions in English and Tatar.  Bears mentioning the fact, that no other comparative research was undertaken to analyze “down” idioms’ potential in verbalizing negative emotions in English and Tatar.

HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND THE STRATEGIES TO MEET A HEALTHY SOCIETY

Valery V. Kasyanov* (Department of Russian History, Faculty of history Sociology and International Relations, Russia Kuban state University, RUSSIA) Larisa A. Minasyan, Vladimir A. Borodai (Department of Service, Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Don State Technical University, RUSSIA ), Igor E. Ponomarev (Department of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, Rostov State Economic University (RINH), RUSSIA ), Petr S. Samygin ( Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Rostov State Economic University (RINH), RUSSIA ) Gennadiy A. Vorobyev ( Institute of Distant Learning and Development of ICT, Pyatigorsk State University, RUSSIA , and Dmitrii V. Skvortsov (GAOU VO, Nevinnomyssky State Humanitarian and Technical Institute, Nevinnomyssk, RUSSIA

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.32

Keywords: Russia; The younger generation; The youth; Russian youth; Healthy lifestyle (HLS); Managing the health; National security.

Abstract
The problems connected with health management and precise ways and strategies in the context of overcoming difficulties in managing the health of the youth of modern Russia are considered.  In the conditions of crisis the basic agents of socialization and family primarily responsible for the physical, spiritual and social development of young people, the issue of managing the health of young Russians is beyond the scope of family structures and accepts all-Russian scale.  This corresponds to equally large-scale indicators of the devaluation of the value of health and healthy lifestyle among the younger generation of Russians and, accordingly, deterioration of their health.  The national security is an indicator of a condition of the nation, meaning that cumulative influence of internal and external factors of harmful character will not create threat for physical existence of the younger generation and will not lower substantially quality of his life and health.  As one of the most important factors of national safety of Russia serves the health of young generations, the authors are convinced that the health of the Russian youth should be the object of state social policy, the core of which would be the concept of promoting health, healthy lifestyles and the formation of self-protective behavior in young people.  Therefore, this study attempts to reveal the aspects of health management and struggles connected with that.

Mohsen SIAMAKPOUR * (Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, IRAN)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.33

Keywords: Architectural design; High-rise housing; Sustainable Architecture; Public spaces; Social Interaction.

Abstract
The level of satisfaction of an individual's housing has a great influence on him and his personal and social relationships. One of the phenomena faced by cities, especially large cities, is high rise buildings. Nowadays, with the growing population of cities on the one hand, and the rising of land price, on the other hand, preferring heights has become an inevitable matter in many of the world's densely populated cities. This research being of survey kind, attempts to analyze the factors influencing cultural interactions in the design of residential complexes from the viewpoint of residents. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with relevant experts and locals living in high-rise buildings. The site is located in the east of Shiraz, on Kouyah Vahdat Street, in the alley of Shahid Zabihollah Banshee. When designing a high rise residential complex, the factors should be considered including: paying attention to setting of the space adjacent to the entrance of the residential building, the proper connection of the interior space with nature, the use of local and familiar elements to create a sense of belonging, designing collective spaces for interactions between households, and attention to the issue of security in space design. A high-rise building is the ultimate outcome of a complex process whose elements interact with each other and several factors, including cultural, social and economic characteristics affect it. The proper and conditional uses of high buildings, is a realistic and desirable solution for people to settle.

CONSTRUCTION OF A MODEL FOR INTERNAL AUDIT VIA ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Firdaus I. Harisova * (Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Kazan Federal University, RUSSIA), and Lyaisan Z. Mukhametzyanova (Faculty of Taxes and Taxation, Financial University of the Russian Federation, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.34

Keywords: Internal control system; Estimated values; Financial loss function; Linear regression.

Abstract
The paper shows the method of applying economic and mathematical methods in the internal audit for optimal formation of estimation values. The method was tested with the use of a data array of ten major Russian companies engaged in manufacturing automobiles, trailers and semitrailers. Upon construction of the model, such factors as revenue, labor costs, other expenses and the company's appearance as a defendant in court were taken into account, since it was assumed that there would be a positive relationship between these indicators and the company's estimated values. The linear regression model was constructed after confirming the positive relationship between the selected indicators and the estimated values. Further an audit of the optimality of the estimated liabilities of PJSC AVTOVAZ (the biggest manufacturer of Renault®-Nissan® Alliance and one of the world biggest automobile plants) was carried out on the basis of this methodology: the necessary values were substituted into the regression model obtained. The paper also discloses the methodology for evaluating the internal control system of PJSC AVTOVAZ; for this purpose, a formula was used to evaluate the result of the internal control system application as a sum of losses prevented. With the help of this model, the effectiveness of the internal control system in the company was evaluated and the optimal values of the internal control system level and possible financial losses that correspond to this level of organization of the accounting and internal control system were determined.

ANALYSIS THE PROSPECTS OF THE NEW CARS SALES MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Sergey A. GUSEV *, Sergey V. OMELCHENKO, Tatiana E.PANOVA, Dmitry A. PROKUDIN (Moscow University of Finance and Law (MFUA), Moscow, Vvedensky str., 1A, RUSSIA)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.35

Keywords: Automotive market; Automobile production; Automotive industry; Automotive trends; Automotive electrification

Abstract
The role of the automotive industry for the Russian economy has been proved. The stages of the automotive market over the past ten years have been analyzed. The prospects of the new cars sales market development in Russia have been presented. The key trends for the development of the Russian automotive market have been identified – the need and background of these trends have been analyzed. The factors causing a direct impact on the development of the Russian automotive market have been presented and analyzed. The global trends that influence the development of the automotive industry in Russia have been revealed.

QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF WOMEN'S ADDICTION TO DRUG ABUSE IN TEHRAN

Soraya SAYAR, Hamid PORYOSEFI * (Department of Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, IRAN ), and Khalil MIRZAEI (Department of Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Rodehen Branch, IRAN)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.36

Keywords:Drug use in women;  Grounded theory; Drug addiction; SPSS; Regression analysis

Abstract
One of the most important measures in the field of drug use is the recognition of different aspects of drug use among women. The purpose of this research have been to identify outcomes of drug abuse by qualitative method among addicted women.  This research was carried out using the grounded theory method.  Data collection was done by field method and with the researcher's referral to the women's addiction center in the Vardavard (situated in Tehran, Iran).  In the induction section, an inductive sampling method was used and the theoretical saturation after 23 interviews achieved.  The data were analyzed using open coding, theoretical and selective.  Then a questionnaire was used to confirm the findings of the induction section and total 36 questionnaires were completed in the center of The Vardavard. Data were analyzed using SPSS® software and regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.  The results showed that the addiction consequences for women at three levels were: physical outcomes, psychological consequences, and social outcomes.  Regarding the key role of women in family and community health, and in view of the wide-ranging consequences of drug addiction, it is suggested that comprehensive therapeutic and comprehensive counseling and treatment programs be provided and implemented from affected patients.

A STUDY ON APARTMENT BUILDING MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN RUSSIA

Aigul A. Guseinova (Centre of Informational Technologies, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, RUSSIA ), and Albina N. Afanasyeva ( Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Kazan State University, 420043, Kazan, RUSSIA)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.37

Keywords: Property management; Communal property; Apartment management; Property law; Property legislation

Abstract
The variety of ongoing reforms, periodically introduced changes in housing legislation, do not allow to solve the growing problems in the management of an apartment building. Undoubtedly, the housing issue is one of important and socially significant aspects of a person's life. Among the socio-economic problems, the authors include the problems associated with the implementation of common shared ownership right for common property. During the implementation of any common property, the issue of equality and inequality begins with the question on the number of votes that the participants of the general power have during a general decision making. The first decision, which the owners take at the time of starting a house operation, is the choice of the management method. Owners choose management companies as the most common form of property management. This article considers the problems of an apartment building management, the nature of their emergence is inextricably linked with the formation and the use of common communal property institution, i.e. that part of a single housing and communal complex, which is called communal property.

ROLE OF INNOVATIONS IN HEALTHCARE FOR REGIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY PROVISION OF RUSSIA

Zukhra R. Ziganshina ( Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, RUSSIA ), and Natalya V. KRIVENKO ( Centre for Economic Security, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS (Ekaterinburg), RUSSIA)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.38

Keywords: Integrative approach; Multilevel approach; Hospital management; Digital medical; Social effect; Economic effect.

Abstract
The article actualizes the problem of innovations, the positions of Russia are presented on the level of innovative development. The reasons for backwardness from the developed countries are revealed. The expediency of innovation level increase of both the economy as a whole and human potential in order to strengthen the economic security of the regions. In this paper, we used the methods of intercountry comparisons, micro-, meso- and macro-analysis, statistical, system analysis and synthesis, integrative and multilevel principles. Taking into account the existing demographic threats for the country, a special attention is paid to the need to increase the efficiency of the healthcare system, including the result of innovation level increase. They offered the author's approach to the use of integrative and multilevel principles, the types of innovations in health care at different levels of application. They considered the introduction of medical, information and organizational innovations at the micro, meso- and macrolevel. They proved the possibility of a high medical, social, economic effect, the synergetic effect from the integrative introduction of innovations in the industry on the example of public healthcare in Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk regions. The expediency of the proposed approaches application at the level of the entire industry. The results confirm the capacity of the health care system to preserve the human, including the able-bodied potential of the population, and strengthen the economic security of the country and the regions.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR DURING MILITARY REGIME AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT FROM 1984 TO 2017

Andrew Ebekozien*, Abdul-Rashid Abdul-Aziz, and Mastura Jaafar ( Department of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.39

Keywords: Construction Investment; Dictatorship Democracy; Nigerian Construction; Regimes Comparison; Infrastructure development; Regression; FDI.

Abstract
This study investigated the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Nigerian construction sector for two different political regimes from the year 1984 to 2017.  An ex-post facto research design was used to establish the relationship of FDI inflow during the two regimes. Time series archival data for the study was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria.  Microsoft® Excel was employed to establish the trend analysis and charts showing FDI inflow into the construction sector. The study data were analysed with the use of regression technique. The study found that the democratic era encourages the significant inflow of FDI into construction sector than the military era. The study recommends that for greater FDI inflow into the construction sector, the Nigerian Government should continue to embrace democracy; and address the anti-democratic variables that have led to “dictatorship democracy”, security encumbrance among others. These are identified threats to FDI inflow.

MANAGEMENT ROLE FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STABILITY WITH KAZAKHSTAN MODEL

Yuri S. Reshetov, Maksim V. Voronin, and Elmira O. Toilybekova * ( Kazan Federal University, Kazan, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.40

Keywords: Role of management; Interfaith relations; Interethnic relation; Public harmony; Ethnic group.

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the management role in the provision of social and political stability in the country and the increase of interaction effectiveness between state and civil society institutions in the sphere of interethnic relations. The article highlights the issues of the management formation and development using Kazakhstan model, which has become the most effective mechanism now to maintain the balance of various ethnics and strengthen public harmony. In fact, management is the center of organizational work with the diasporas. Based on the various attributes of the management, the issues of national-cultural associations are considered promptly, and a number of them adopted decisions at the governmental level. Every branch of managing program has accumulated an extensive material on the national diasporas, which will be summarized in a unique edition – the Management program. An important and a promising idea has already been implemented to provide the program with the quota of national minority representatives sending to higher education institutions. Taking into account the accumulated experience of constructive work and an appropriate support in society, it can be assumed that the role of the management will continue to grow.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AT T INTERSECTIONS WITH ALWAYS-THRU TRAFFIC

Witchayet Pananun, Boonsap Witchayangkoon, Winai Raksuntorn (Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, THAILAND ) Nareenart Raksuntorn (Faculty of Industrial Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND), and Songrit Chayanan ( Department of Highways, Ministry of Transportation, Royal Thai Government, Thailand )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.41

Keywords: Traffic Management Style; T-junction; Traffic delay; Traffic lane change rate; Channelizing island length

Abstract
This study builds three simulation models of T intersection, to analyze delay and traffic lane change rate. The arterial road has two left lanes going straight and a rightmost lane for turning right to the secondary road. Model I simulates with traffic signals applied to all directions. Model II has the arterial road with the leftmost lane always-thru traffic. Model III has two left lanes always-thru traffic, with varied channelizing island length. For all models, there is a right turn lane from the secondary road to merge the arterial road. Model I is used as a reference for discrepancy delay to Models II and III. The varied V/c ratios have been set as 0.9, 0.6, and 0.3. Also, ratios of traffic volume in the conflict directions are taken into consideration. From the simulation result, traffic management on the T intersections with always-thru traffic (Models II and III) is suitable for medium to high volume of traffic. For low traffic volume, the efficiency of T intersections is unaffected when compared to Model I. When selecting channelizing island length, traffic lane change rate should be taken into account. Longer channelizing island length can reduce lane change rate as the turning right from the secondary road to merge the traffic of the arterial road.

APPROACH TO RISK AND INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS ESTIMATION FOR REGIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF RUSSIA

Azat R. Safiullin* ( Kazan Federal University, Kazan, RUSSIA ) , and Asiliar I.Gubaidullina ( Advanced Economic Research Center, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Republic of Tatarstan )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.42

Keywords: Investment competitiveness; Investment risk; Processing industries; Localization coefficients; Types of economic activity

Abstract
Vigorous economic and political activity aimed at increasing an investment attractiveness of the region creates the conditions for attraction of investments proposals to the economy of the Federal subject. Increasing the investment attractiveness of the territories contributes to the additional inflow of capital, to the growth of the regional economy and development of small businesses as a highly dynamic sector that adapts to changes in the external environment. Development of an effective investment policy is impossible without identifying the types of economic activity which are the most attractive for investment. We carried out structural and dynamic analysis of the types of economic activity to identify their most attractive and competitive types. The paper reveals the approach proposed by the authors to determine the types of economic activity that are attractive for investment from the point of view of minimizing the risk of outperformance stability loss. Mathematical, statistical and graphical tools were used to identify the above types of economic activity. A structural and dynamic comparative analysis of the shipping volume for 14 types of economic activity in the Republic of Tatarstan was carried out; localization coefficients have been calculated and risk diagrams have been constructed, taking into account the frequencies of outperformance for a type of economic activity.

THE REVIVAL AT THE WORLD FESTIVAL OF YOUTH AND STUDENTS (1997 – 2017)

Oleg V. Bodrov, Almaz V. Zakirov *, Izmail I. Sharifzhanov, Viktor E. Tumanin ( Kazan Federal University, Kazan, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.43

Keywords: Politics challenge; International relations International life; the World Festival of Youth and Students (WFYS); the World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY); World youth festivals; Youth forums; Anti-capitalist movements

Abstract
The article analyzes the process of revival of the international festival movement of youth and students, which has become one of the main tools of the socialist bloc in confronting world imperialism.  The philosophy, methodology and content of the World Youth and Student Festivals, as well as the program features are revealed.  The authors have shown the importance of festivals in international life.  The festival work has been playing an important role in achieving the global goal, namely, ensuring peaceful life of mankind on our planet and establishing democratic international values and not only those that would protect the interests of only one isolated stratum, the chosen nation or the countries of the so-called “first class.”  The basic philosophy of the festival is the ideals of peace, friendship of peoples, international solidarity, anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist struggle.  The flame of the festival has not died down in the unipolar world and shines brightly today, giving hope to the whole truly democratic international community.  The nineteenth WFYS held in 2017 in Sochi (Russia) was another success of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, which again is the only international organization being in charge of the preparatory process of the festival movement of a socialist orientation.

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE REGIONAL HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Lev S. Mazelis * ( Department of Mathematics and Modeling, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Gogolya Street, 41, Vladivostok, 690014, RUSSIA ) Kirill I. Lavrenyuk ( Human Resources Services, Joint-stock company "Special Economic Zone of Industrial-Industrial Type "Alabuga", Sh-2 Street, Building 4/1, Elabuga, Russian Federation, 423600, RUSSIA ) Andrei A. Krasko, and Olga N. Zagudaeva ( Department of Mathematics and Modeling, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Gogolya Street, 41, Vladivostok, 690014, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.44

Keywords: Living standards; Conceptual model; rating of regions; Clustering of regions; Development of the system

Abstract
A conceptual model of the regional’s human capital development is proposed, which allows describing the dynamic process of its development by investing state, regional and municipal resources, private funds of the enterprise and individuals therein. Lists of directions of investment in regional human capital, indicators of regional human capital, the quality of life of the population and socio-economic development of the regions, and demographic parameters of the region are singled out. The channels of influence and changes in the regional’s human capital are described.

Mohammadreza SHARIFIKHEIRABADI * ( Accounting Department of Shahrekord Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IRAN )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.45

Keywords: Living standards; Conceptual model; rating of regions; Clustering of regions; Development of the system

Abstract
In the contemporary world, the economic efficiency is a result of optimal allocation of resources and producing a competitive advantage in production and service. This issue is not limited only to one specific area or section of economic activities, rather this should cover all aspects of economic life in the national economies and geographical regions. Thus, with regard to necessity of producing a competitive advantage in the production through reduced marginal cost and optimal allocation of resources in the country in line with globalization of economy, it is necessary to examine the conditions governing the production. The handmade carpet has been one of the most important handicrafts in Iran in recent decades which, due to the changes in the world market, has undergone some undesirable developments. In this research, therefore, considering the costs of carpet workshops, the average costs function of all these workshops was estimated through Translog function and the results were analyzed, the needed data was gathered based on documentary and survey methods, the statistical population of the study includes carpet production workshops of Iran Carpet Company throughout the country that the sample size was selected using screening method. Also, along with using financial statements of the said companies, a questionnaire was designed using the expert opinions and information was gathered through having interviews with producer. The results suggest that in some carpet production workshops, using the maximum savings from production scales, the production capacity was in optimal level.

DETERMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE STYLE-SHIFTING ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT AND PREDICTION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPANY'S MARKET VALUE OF EQUITY

Azam KHAJEHVANDI ( Governmental Finance Management , Yadegar- e - Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre -Rey Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran , IRAN ), Azam SOLEYMANI *, and Nazanin PILEVARI ( Department of Management , Yadegar- e - Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre -Rey Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran , IRAN )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.46

Keywords: Style of managers' shift activities; Equity market value; Performance prediction; Generalized least squares

Abstract
This research aims to determine the impact of the style of managers' shift activities and predict the performance on the company's market value of equity.  This is an analytical-causal study and is based on analysis of panel data. The statistical population includes all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange with 520 companies a year.  Of this financial information, 102 companies have been reviewed in the time period 2010 to 2015.  The final analysis was performed using EViews®7, SPSS®20 and Minitab®16 software. The results showed that the style of managers' shift activities has a negative and inverse effect on the market value of the companies' equity. Also, predicting the performance has a positive and direct effect on the company's market value of equity.

SOCIAL HEALTH OF RUSSIAN YOUTH: THE SPECIFICITY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGERIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF FORMATION

Karina S. Chikaeva ( Department of Sociology and Cultural Studies, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, RUSSIA ), Lidiya I. Scherbakova ( Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), RUSSIA ) Elena A. Karapetyan ( Department of Humanities, Armavir Institute of Mechanics and Technology (branch), Kuban State Technological University. AMTI (branch) KubGTU, RUSSIA ) Anna T. Latysheva ( Pedagogics and Sociocultural Development of the Identity of the Taganrog institute of A. P. Chekhov – branch of the Rostov State Economic University, RUSSIA ) Sergey S. Kosinov ( Department of Physical Training of Sport and Tourism, Rostov State Economic University, RUSSIA) Yaroslava G. Zinchenko ( Department of Sociology, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, RUSSIA ) Sergey I. Samygin ( Personnel Management and Sociology Department, Rostov State Economic University «RINH», RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.47

Keywords: Technology-based social management, Social interaction, Russian society.

Abstract
This article is devoted to the consideration of the specifics of social and managerial technologies for the formation of the social health of Russian youth. The relevance of this issue is determined firstly, by the increasingly growing role of the social health of Russian youth in the life of society; secondly, by the need to manage the process of formation of social health and the lack of a management mechanism for the formation of the social health of young people. As a phenomenon of social practice, social and managerial technologies in the field of social health are a complex of techniques and measures ensuring the formation of social health of young people and raising its level, achieving favorable living conditions for students, their organization, and effective social interaction. The work refers to the general social and managerial technologies of forming the social health of young people: informational, regional, organizational, socio-psychological, and communicative.

COORDINATED SIGNAL CONTROL UNDER VARYING TRAFFIC VOLUMES

Vanchai Kantanon, Winai Raksuntorn, Boonsap Witchayangkoon ( Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, THAILAND ) Nareenart Raksuntorn (Faculty of Industrial Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, THAILAND), and Songrit Chayanan ( Department of Highways, Ministry of Transportation, Royal Thai Government, Thailand )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.48

Keywords: Traffic Signal Control, Coordinated Signal Control.

Abstract
This research studies and determines the suitable time to use the coordinated signal control at two intersections on Mahidol road, Chiang Mai Province, using traffic simulation models. This study reveals that the consideration of using the coordinated signal control does not only depend on volume to capacity ratio, distance between intersections, interference of the platoon, link volume, and average speed but also depends on coordinated direction traffic volume to total traffic volume ratio. The study also suggests that the coordinated signal control can be used effectively when volume to capacity ratio reaches 0.60. This is because of considerably low values of the coordinated direction traffic volume to total traffic volume ratios, between 20 to 43 percent.

Vladimir A. Boldyrev * ( Department of Business Law, Civil And Arbitral Procedures, Perm State National Research University, Perm, RUSSIA ) Valeriy N. Lisitsa (International Law, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA), and Anvar I. Khasnutdinov ( Irkutsk Law Institute, Irkutsk, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.49

Keywords: Traffic Signal Control, Coordinated Signal Control.

Abstract
The paper addresses the peculiarities of nominal holding of securities in accordance with Russian law and its comparison with the trust and nominee services, which are widely available in offshore jurisdictions. It aims to research the features of the legal regulation of nominal holding of securities and to determine its correlation with trust management on the base of the analysis of the current legislation, the theory of trust and trust management, judicial practice of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the nominal holding of securities under Russian law is a unique legal phenomenon that differs from the ownership of shares by a trustee and nominal service in law of most foreign jurisdictions. The figure of the nominee does not suit to the ideal system of the Russian private law and is inevitable on the way of conflict with the idea of acquiring rights and duties under his own name. At the same time it is argued that setting up the rules on nominal holding in the structure of the special (non-codified) law as well as the preservation of such legal phenomenon in the Russian objective law are relevant and logical.

INVESTMENTS IN THE SPHERE OF SPORTS AND MASS SPORTS EVENTS OF THE WORLD LEVEL: PUBLIC OPINION

Aisylu M. Nagimova*, Milyausha R. Zainullina, Rustam M. Nagimov ( Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.50

Keywords: Style of managers' shift activities; Equity market value; Performance prediction; Generalized least squares

Abstract
This article is devoted to the consideration of the specifics of social and managerial technologies for the formation of the social health of Russian youth. The relevance of this issue is determined firstly, by the increasingly growing role of the social health of Russian youth in the life of society; secondly, by the need to manage the process of formation of social health and the lack of a management mechanism for the formation of the social health of young people. As a phenomenon of social practice, social and managerial technologies in the field of social health are a complex of techniques and measures ensuring the formation of social health of young people and raising its level, achieving favorable living conditions for students, their organization, and effective social interaction. The work refers to the general social and managerial technologies of forming the social health of young people: informational, regional, organizational, socio-psychological, and communicative.

PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE AND SOME PROVISIONS OF THE NOTE TO ARTICLE 131 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF RUSSIA

Alexey A. Shirshov * ( Law school, Far Eastern Federal, University, Vladivostok, RUSSIA ), Svetlana I. Vershinina, Stanislav V. Iunoshev (Institute of Law, Togliatti State University, Samara Region, Togliatti, 445020, RUSSIA), Evgeniia A. Vasilkova ( Department of Criminal Law and Procedure, Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics, Taganrog, RUSSIA )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.51

Keywords: Legal technology; Legal fiction; Presumption of innocence; Rape; Sexual assault; Sexual inviolability of minors.

Abstract
This paper deals with the issues of compliance with the principles of criminal law and the presumption of innocence of the note to Art. 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which applies to all crimes against sexual freedom and immunity. The authors analyze the issues of the admissibility of using fictitious fiction constructions when describing the signs of the objective side of crimes and conclude that the said note does not comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation as violating the principles of legal certainty, subjective imputation and contrary to the presumption of innocence. The authors believe that the changes made deprive the criminal law of the unity, system, strict interrelatedness of criminal law with each other and do not take into account the various public danger of encroachment on the sexual inviolability of minors associated with the use of violence and without such.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC ELEMENTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM ON STARTUP SUCCESS WITHIN DISCOVERY STAGE

Shabnam Koohi * ( Department of Entrepreneurship, School of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IRAN), Mirbehzad Feizbakhsh (Forsatpajoohan Entrepreneurship Institute, Tehran, IRAN)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.52

Keywords: Startup success; Ecosystem; Leadership; Finance; Talent; Knowledge; Support systems.

Abstract
This study has investigated the effect of systemic elements of entrepreneurial ecosystem on startup success within discovery stage. In this research, after discussion of literature and consideration of theoretical bases, shaping of hypothesis is considered in terms of literature. Data were collected by questionnaire method and analyzed by multiple variable and SPSS®22.0, AMOS 22.0. Researches on startups were performed in Iran and in three growth and innovations centers in universities and the results confirmed that role of startups success factors are key and important in different degrees. The effect of the three most important factors affecting the success of a startup in its discovery stage belong to finance, talent and knowledge, and leadership. Leadership not only plays a crucial role but also a key to wrapping up all the networks through which financing, talent, knowledge and support systems can benefit a startup.

THE EFFECT OF EXPORTATION PROMOTION PROGRAM ON EXPORTATION PERFORMANCE OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS

HamidReza Zare, Farid Asgari * ( Department of Management, Buein Zahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghazvin, IRAN)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.53

Keywords: Export promotion information programs, Export promotion finance programs, Export marketing performance capability.

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of export promotion programs on the export performance of petrochemical products. Expansion promotion programs include financial and informational. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical population consists of managers and experts of Petrochemical Company. The sample size is done by census method and is distributed among 130 people. The data gathering tool is a standard questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed in previous studies. The data analysis was done using the Structural Equation Modeling Method (SMART PLS®3.5 software). The research findings showed that export promotion information programs have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance capabilities. Marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on export performance. The marketing capability has a mediating role in the relationship between marketing intelligence and marketing promotion programs and export performance. Finally, financial enhancements have a moderating role in the relationship between promotion information and marketing capability.

CYRUS BECK RAY TRACING AND DYNAMIC COLLISION DETECTION

Humera Tariq * ( Department of Computer Science, University of Karachi, PAKISTAN)

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.54

Keywords: Cyrus beck clipping algorithm; OpenGL; Dry Run; Collision detection; Ray tracing.

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to study collision detection and ray tracing in two dimensional (2D) world space. A minimal ray tracing pipeline for dynamic collision detection has been designed, practiced and simulated in C++ and OpenGL. The main contribution of paper is modification of state of the art Cyrus beck clipping algorithm to address collision detection problem. Scene to be displayed has been stored in a simple text file for loading while Animation in 2D world with has been modeled through Markov Chain. Modified pseudocode has been presented along with Dry Run of Cyrus Beck for reader's convenience. Simulation results of 2D ray tracing has been presented by setting up a 2D scene for collision between Polygonal entities. Results shows that Cyrus Beck successfully determine where a ray or polygon with intersect each other and hit time can be successfully estimated with complexity.

EFFECT OF LIGHT VARIABLES TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF SAINTPAULIA (SAINTPAULIA IONANTHA WENDI)

Behnaz Ghalekahi (Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN),
Mohammad Aslanpour (Department of Horticultural Sciences, Raparin Raniyeh University of Kurdistan, IRAQ),
Mahmoud Shoor ( Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN),
Ahmad Sharifi, Mahdieh Kharazi (Department of Horticultural Sciences, Mashhad Jihad University, IRAN )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.55

Keywords: Light variables; Fertilizer; Non-soil; Hormone; Plant growth; Light intensity treatments.

Abstract
Saintpaulia is one of the most popular flowering houseplants that need a proper growing medium for optimal vegetative and reproductive growth. It has been proved that the application of supplementary fertilizers, appropriate growing medium, and the use of hormonal treatments and artificial light could provide more favorable growth and flowering conditions for most plants. For this purpose, five separate experiments were carried out to study the factors affecting the growth and flowering of this plant. The fourth experiment was carried out to investigate light intensity treatments and the use of three light levels (4000, 8000 and 11000 lux) using a fluorescent lamp. The experiment to investigate the light intensity treatment was carried out using LED lamps at four levels (red light (650-665 nm), blue light (460-475 nm), the combined light of red and blue with equal ratio and white light (380-760 nm )], 16 hours in daylight and 8 hours in darkness. All experiments were performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized factorial design with 5 replications. Most of the measured traits were significantly affected by the treatments of these three experiments.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITY TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF SAINTPAULIA SEEDLINGS (SAINTPAULIA IONANTHA WENDI)

Behnaz Ghalekahi (Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN),
Mohammad Aslanpour (Department of Horticultural Sciences, Raparin Raniyeh University of Kurdistan, IRAQ),
Mahmoud Shoor ( Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN),
Ahmad Sharifi, Mahdieh Kharazi (Department of Horticultural Sciences, Mashhad Jihad University, IRAN )

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doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2018.56

Keywords: Non-soil; Fertilizer; Plant hormone; light variables; LED effects on plant.

Abstract
Saintpaulia, highly popular flowering houseplants, need proper growing medium for optimal vegetative and reproductive growth. It has been proved that the application of supplementary fertilizers, appropriate growing medium, and artificial light could provide more favorable growth and flowering conditions for most plants. For this purpose, five separate experiments were carried out to study the factors affecting the growth and flowering of this plant. The fifth experiment was carried out separately to investigate the light quality treatments by using LED lamps at four levels (red light (650-665 nm), blue light (460-475 nm), combined light of red and blue with equal ratio and white light (380-760 nm )], 16 hours in daylight and 8 hours in darkness. All experiments were performed as factorial experiment in a completely randomized factorial design with 5 replications. Most of the measured traits were significantly affected by the treatments of these three experiments. The quantitative treatments of using of 8000 lux light and the use of a blue LED lamp, and then a white LED lamp, could improve the traits studied.

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