International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies

FEATURE PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES

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• An Investigation of Wideband Mimo Channel Characteristics in Rectangular Tunnel

  Asad Saleem (Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, CHINA, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Antennas and Propagation, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, CHINA )
  Sherazi Syed Nisar Yousaf (School of Communication and Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030100, Shanxi Province, CHINA )
  




• ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND HINDRANCES OF CHIEF RISK OFFICER IN THE RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE BANKING INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH

  Muhammad Bilal* (Department of Business Administration, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, PAKISTAN )
  Muhammad Irfan Khadim (Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, PAKISTAN )
  Haroon Shafia (Department of Business Administration, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, PAKISTAN )
  Asad Afzal Humayon (Management Sciences Department, COMSATS University, Vehari Campus, PAKISTAN )
  Noheed Khan (College of Commerce, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), PAKISTAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.196

  Keywords: CRO Positioning; Banking sector; Banking risk policy; Banking risk analysis; Banking risk assessment; Risk Culture; Word cloud.

  Abstract
  The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the existing risk management framework to explore the roles, responsibilities, and hindrances of Chief Risk Officer (CRO) to better manage the risk governance issues of commercial banking industry of Pakistan. A qualitative research design was adopted for this study to carry out an in-depth evaluation of the existing risk management framework. A case study based research strategy was adopted in which in-depth interviews were conducted from the CROs/Heads of Risk of commercial banks of Pakistan. The thematic analysis reveals that there are certain deficiencies in the existing risk management framework which are incorrect positioning of CRO, lack of maturity of risk management capabilities; weak risk culture; de-risk software solutions; advanced risk techniques and tested risk models for effective risk assessment & analysis. Furthermore, it is suggested that the Board of Directors (BoDs) design policies to create a risk culture in the bank so that every person in the bank will understand the importance of risk management that could lead to correct the positioning of CROs in the banks so that the CROs can play their part in the most effective way.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15B




• EFFECTS OF IRANIAN MUSIC ON THE IMPROVEMENT AND TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE AND ITS SPEECH-RELATED DISORDERS IN THE ELDERLY

  Razieh Abbasi Karam* (Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, IRAN )
  Majid Yeganeh Rad, Morteza Yeganeh Rad (The Author, Teacher and Musician of Iranian Music, IRAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.197

  Keywords: Music therapy; Persian Music; Alzheimer's disease; Speech disorder; Short-term test of mental status (MMSE).

  Abstract
  Alzheimer's disease and dementia had been of the most serious humanitarian crises in industrial societies over the past decades, where many elderly people are affected. However, despite the young population pyramid in Iran over the past few decades, predictions are indicative of an increase in the elderly population in the decades to come. Thus, the increase in Alzheimer's disease is a natural and inevitable event and the level of knowledge and ability of care and treatment centers for the elderly should be at an acceptable level regarding prevention and treatment. One of the recommended therapies for this disease and its disorders, especially speech disorders, is music therapy. Despite many studies concerning the effects of music therapy on patients with Alzheimer's, no studies have been done on the effect of Iranian music on Alzheimer's patients. The present paper examined the effect of this treatment on 22 elderly patients with moderate and severe Alzheimer`s disease admitted to one of the elderly care centers for 14 days. The effectiveness evaluation method was performed using the short-term test of mental status (MMSE Test) at two stages -before the start of the treatment and after the end of the second week of the treatment. The results of recording data showed the positive effect of Iranian music on the progression of the cognitive ability of the patients, and the speaking ability increased in all cases, except in one sample, well showing the effect of this type of music on the treatment and improvement of the patients with Alzheimer's and its speech-related disorders.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15C




• EFFECTS OF HUMAN RESOURCES INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY: CASE OF TEHRAN'S SOCIAL SECURITY ORGANIZATION

  Naeimeh Tazakori, Mohammad Feizi * (Department of Public Administration, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IRAN )
  Mohammad Rouhi Eisalou, Eshagh Rasouli (Department of Management, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IRAN )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.198

  Keywords: Individual development, human resources development (HRD); Social security employee; HRID; Structural equation method; LISREL; SPSS; Likert scale questionnaire.

  Abstract
  This study investigated the effect of Human resources individual development (HRID) model on organizational performance, employee performance, and efficiency. This study was an applied research with a quantitative approach that uses correlation method as the research method. The statistical population of this study was Tehran's social security organization managers and employees. Using Cochran's formula, 351 participants were selected randomly as the participants of the study. Data collection was performed by Hersey and Goldsmith organizational performance questionnaire, researcher-made questionnaire on human resources individual development, employee performance questionnaire, and efficiency of employee's questionnaire. To analyze the data, structural equation method, t-test and the Pearson correlation method, was used. The software used in this study was LISREL and SPSS. The results showed that human resources individual development has a positive impact on organizational performance (t=9.64), employee performance (t=9.75), and employee efficiency (t=9.64). This study suggests the use of HRID model in organizations to improve the organizational development.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15D




• DETERMINATION THE MOST EFFICIENT TRACKING TECHNIQUE FOR THE MAXIMUM POWER POINT OF SOLAR SYSTEMS IN RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGING CONDITIONS

  Mohammad Sadegh Javadi (Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran )
  Rahil Bahrami * (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.199

  Keywords: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT); Photovoltaic Panel; Perturb and Observe; Solar Cell; Zero Current Switching Converters.

  Abstract
  Nowadays, increasing fossil fuel usage in communities has led to an unpleasant consequence. Environmental pollution is caused by unnecessary consumption, on the other hand, the reduction of resources are the most important consequences. Hence, using renewable and clean fuels like solar energy is a good replacement. In many countries, solar cells play a significant role in generating electricity, but the cost of electricity produced by them is very high due to the high cost of construction and maintenance; that is why they are less popular. Many efforts have been made in recent years, to determine the working point of solar cells which are used in any environment and at maximum power. The peak power point The point at which the cell has the highest output power is called, called the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, in terms of how to set the point of reference at the maximum power point. In this thesis, some techniques for tracking the maximum power point of solar cells have been introduced; among them the performance of two hill-climbing techniques and incremental conductance in variable environmental conditions and two scenarios have been investigated.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15E




• ASCENDANCY OF FINANCIAL EDUCATION TO ESCALATE FINANCIAL CAPABILITY OF YOUNG ADULTS: CASE OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

  Tayyba Noreen (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, PAKISTAN )
  Mazhar Abbas * (College of Business Administration, Department of Management & MIS, University of Hail, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA )
  Muhammad Salman Shabbir (School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA ),
  Basheer M. Al-Ghazali (Department of Business Administration, Dammam Community College, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, SAUDI ARABIA ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.200

  Keywords: Financial knowledge; Financial attitude; Financial behavior; Financial skills; Non-business students.

  Abstract
  This study assesses the impact of financial education on financial capability (literacy) of young adults in Punjab, Pakistan. Combination of objective financial knowledge, financial attitudes and financial behaviors constructed financial capability. Results indicate that business students are more financially capable than non-business students. The result of the study reveals that Master�s degree level education in finance has significant positive impact on financial capability as compared with study of finance in other education levels. The financial education index has highly significant positive impact on financial knowledge, financial attitudes and financial capability index. However, financial education does not improve the financial behaviors of young adults. Moreover, the results also revealed that degree in finance has positive association with financial capability.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15F




• ON REALIZATION OF LIMIT POLYGONS IN SEQUENTIAL PROJECTION METHOD

  N. M. Mishachev *, Anatoly Mikhailovich Shmyrin (Department of Mathematics, Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, RUSSIA )
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.201

  Keywords: Kaczmarz algorithm; Limit polygon; Sequential projections; Affine operator; Sequence of hyperplanes; Overdetermined linear systems.

  Abstract
  In this article, we study the properties of the algorithm for solving systems of linear equations based on the sequential projections of an initial approximation point on the hyperplanes, defined by the equations of the system (Kaczmarz algorithm). We consider the case of overdetermined systems when the sequence of approximations converges to a limit cycle, the points of which we regard as the vertices of a limit polygon. Although the proof of convergence to the limit polygon is known, we are discussing a simplified version, relating to the case of general position and clarifying the main idea of the proof. The properties of the limit polygon are little studied, but at the same time, they are important for applications. We explain that, with a proper choice of a system of equations, the limit polygon can be any predefined polygon. In other words, there are no restrictions on the type of limit polygon.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15G




• THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION QUALITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPARABILITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND CASH HOLDINGS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED IRANIAN COMPANIES

  Seyed Mozaffar Mirbargkar*(Department of Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, IRAN ),
  Saeed Shahriyari(Department of Industrial Engineering, Kar Higher Education Institute Rafsanjan, ),
  Forough Lotfi (Financial Engineering Program and Young Researchers Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, IRAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.202

  Keywords: Financial statement comparability; Cash holdings; Accounting information quality; Accrual earnings management.

  Abstract
  This study investigates the mediating effect of accounting information quality on the Relationship between Financial statement comparability and cash holdings. Hence, in this paper, data from 90 non-financial firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) between 2013 and 2017 (450 firm-year) were evaluated by using linear regression models with panel data analysis. To test the significance of the mediating effect, the Sobel test is used. The results of the research show that financial statement comparability decreases poor accounting information, Also the results indicate that poor accounting information increases cash holdings. Moreover, by adding accounting information quality (mediating variable) to the model, there is also a significant relationship between Financial statement comparability and cash holdings which implies comparability enhances accounting information quality that indirectly and significantly decreases cash holdings. Thus the author finds a partial mediation effect of accounting information quality on mentioned relationship.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15H




• ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESSORS AMONG IRANIAN DOCTORS AT HOSPITALS IN TEHRAN PROVINCE, IRAN

  Zohreh Tavakoli * (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, MALAYSIA ),
  Ali Montazeri (Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, IRAN ),
  Ali Asghar Sarshid (School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN ),
  Ismail Noor Hassim (Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.203

  Keywords: Job stressors inventory; Stress management; Hospital sources of stress; Social stressors; Doctor stress; Occupational Stressors; Workplace stress; Doctors' job stress.

  Abstract
  The present investigation was planned to examine the imperative role of occupational stressors on doctors who are working at hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Stress assumed as body respond which has been changed based on situation and various opportunities. In truth, this inner feeling is influenced by different factors such as family factors and social factors. Furthermore, recognizing the operative factors that have considerable contribution to the level of stress among doctors is super significant, and lack of deliberation to this inner feeling leads to quite a lot of abnormal organizational behaviours at workplace. Thus, this research focused on the important role occupational stressors that lead to stress of doctors at hospitals. A cross-sectional examination design was used with purposive selected sample that taken from doctors (N=780) in Tehran hospitals, Iran. In the current study, the participants completed the job stressors questionnaire (ASEAN) which explained some specific factors that related on feeling of individuals and motivate the amount of their stress. It is concluded amongst occupational stressors: physical environment, work volume, poor pay, lack of appreciation, lack of support, opportunities, promotion, patient expectation, and deadline have meaningful association with the stress of doctors that analysed by Multivariate logistic regression.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15I




• ANTIGENIC ACTIVITY OF AN EXPERIMENTAL INACTIVATED VACCINE AGAINST CHICKEN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS

  Edward Javadov * (Department of Epizootology V.P. Urbana of St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, RUSSIA ),
  Oleg Khokhlachev (Research Consulting and Diagnostic Center for Poultry of "St. Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine", RUSSIA ),
  Olga Kozyrenko (Department of Epizootology V.P. Urbana of St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, RUSSIA ),
  Irina Vikhreva (Research Consulting and Diagnostic Center for Poultry of "St. Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine", RUSSIA ),
  Olga Polyakova (Department of Epizootology V.P. Urbana of St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, RUSSIA ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.204

  Keywords: Infectious bronchitis of hens; Field isolate of the IBC virus; Veterinary; Inactivated vaccine against IBC; Antigenic activity; Vaccinated chicken.

  Abstract
  The article presents materials on the study of the antigenic activity of an experimental inactivated emulsion vaccine based on the field isolate of the chicken infectious bronchitis virus isolate that is identical to the variant strain QX of the IBI virus. The research results allow us to consider the obtained virus isolate as a candidate for the manufacture of inactivated vaccines against infectious bronchitis of hens. This article is published as part of research work by the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education "St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine" by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia at the expense of the federal budget in 2019. Subject: Study of the circulation of variant strains of the chicken infectious bronchitis virus in poultry farms of the Russian Federation.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15J




• LIVING IN GREEN CITY

  Parisa Sharifikheirabadi, Morteza Mahmoudian * (Regional Planning Program, Islamic Azad Universality of Yazd, Yazd, IRAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.205

  Keywords: Green landscape; Green urban open space; Greenspace; Built environment; Green urban factors; Urban environment; Built greenspace; Urban furniture; Green citizens; Green garden.

  Abstract
  Nowadays, the bioenvironmental problems are one of the fundamental issues related to the city and are resulted from their conflict with the natural environment; because the urban development involves the predominance of buildings, industries, transformations, and economic activities on the natural spaces. With the development of cities, the landscapes and values of natural environment have been exposed to further destruction and erosion and the urban residents have been deprived of the natural attractions and the mental and social problems have appeared. Nowadays, the notion of cities without effective green spaces with its different forms is not comparable. To be able to adjust their sustainability, the cities as the focal centers of activities and human beings' living should accept the structure and function affected by the natural systems. Meanwhile, the urban green spaces as the necessary and inseparable component of the unique framework of the cities play a significant role in their metabolism that their scarcity can cause severe disorders in the life of cities. The results have revealed that the urban green spaces have social and ecologic output and the most important effect of green space on the cities is their bioenvironmental functions or ecologic output which make the cities ready for living and challenge the destroying effects of development of the transportation and improve the quality of the citizens' life. The urban green space is so important that nowadays, it is considered as one of the indexes of the development of the communities. The most important effects of the green spaces on the cities are the reduction of noise and air pollution, temperature modification, increase of relative moisture, air moderation and dust absorption. The other effects of the green space on the cities are relative, but all its effects make their presence in the cities inevitable. In this paper, it has been tried to present the definitions and explanations related to the green space and urban environment and their different functions in the city.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15K




• ROLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS IN LINKING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF PAKISTAN

  Shaukat Ullah Khan *, Abdul Sattar Khan (Department of Public Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, PAKISTAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.206

  Keywords: Organizational Politics; Employees Performance; Higher Educational Institutions; Culture impact; HEI.

  Abstract
  The universities are playing a leading role in teaching and learning activities by developing the abilities, knowledge, and skills of individuals to make them effective students at the institutional level thereby helping them to become successful professionals in their practical lives. To achieve these tasks effectively, higher institutions are required to put emphasis more on workforces' performances which are squarely anchored on different dynamic factors like the organizational culture, workforces' performance and organizational politics. Thus, this study aimed at exploring the impact of organizational culture on employees' performance over facilitating role of the organizational politics in the higher educational context. The result from statistical procedures confirms the positive and significant association and impact of organizational politics and employees' performance.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15L




• DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALISM AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN PAKISTAN

  Shahzad Zeb, Asif Khurshid (Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, PAKISTAN )
  Muhammad Yar Khan* (Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, PAKISTAN ),
  Tahira Awan (Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, PAKISTAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.207

  Keywords: Advertisement; Self-Esteem; Religious Values; Cultural Values; Young Generation.

  Abstract
  The tendency of materialism is making its roots deeper among adolescents around the world. Similarly, it is a threat for Pakistani youth to lose their cultural and religious values. The study intends to use several factors to predict materialism among adolescents in Pakistan. To find the relationship between the variables such as gender, age, communication with peers, consumption pattern, self-esteem and attention to advertising, the study has been conducted in which questions were asked from young people of different universities to analyze how society and their parents have influence on the development of young generation. Results showed that our young generation is influenced by materialism and that can be seen in their consumption pattern of everyday life.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15M




• A HUMAN RESOURCE INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL BASED ON THE GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH

  Naeimeh Tazakori, Mohammad Feizi * (Department of Public Administration, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IRAN )
  Mohammad Rouhi Eisalou, Eshagh Rasouli (Department of Management, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IRAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.208

  Keywords: Individual development, Human resources development (HRD); Social security organization; HRID.

  Abstract
  This study developed a Human Resources Individual Development (HRID) model for Tehran's Special Security Organization. This is a qualitative study using the grounded theory as a research method. The population of this study was human resource development (HRD) experts and managers of the social security organization. A total of 16 HRD specialists were selected purposefully to be interviewed. Data were collected from a semi-structured interview. Collected data was analyzed in three phases: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The data analysis result identified 32 concepts for six aspects of the HRID model for Tehran's Special Security Organization as follows: four concepts for causative conditions (knowledge-centered, performance management, individual identity, motivation), four concepts for contextual conditions (personal and inter-personal communication, learning and education infrastructure, attention to human capital, stable and meritorious management), five concepts for main phenomena (ethic and professionalism, self-efficacy, creativity, information and technology skills, team-work and communication skills, psychological and behavior features), six concepts for intervening conditions (participation and foresight, justice and work ethics, specialization, personal growth, performance system evaluation, participation and foresight), eight concepts for strategies (analysis and feedback, self-esteem, organizational and job commitment, technological infrastructure, analytical and systematic thinking, transparency and safety, education and research, planning), and six concepts for actions (employees' efficiency, meritocracy and specialization, up-to-date knowledge, higher-order thinking skills, psychological needs improvement, organizational performance improvement). These concepts altogether create the HRID model for Tehran's Special Security Organization.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15N




• SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION MODELS IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

  Alireza Narenjian (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, IRAN ),
  Ahmad Riahi * (Department of Management, Payam Noor University Isfahan Branch, IRAN ),
  Maryam Asadollahi Kheirabadi (Department of Management, Islamic Azad University Khorasgan Branch, IRAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.209

  Keywords: Supply Chain Management; Risk Management; Drug; Top Supplier Selection Indexes; Fuzzy TOPSIS Method.

  Abstract
  The pharmaceutical industry is defined as a set of processes, operations, and organizations involved in the discovery, creation, and production of drugs. Given the extent of the drug supply chain, this article focuses on supplier selection and what factors should be considered to select a supplier in a supply chain to reduce the risk involved in the supply chain. This study seeks to understand the factors affecting the drug supply chain in the country. This research is practical and developmental in terms of goal and it is descriptive in terms of performance. The data collection method uses interviews and questionnaires. The content validity was used to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and the professors and experts were asked about the relation of question with topic and the visibility and clarity of the question. Cronbach's alpha gives reliability estimation higher than 0.7 using SPSS software. Data were analyzed by factor analysis of SPSS software. MADM algorithm was used with Fuzzy TOPSIS method for weighting the components. In this study, according to risk reduction strategies in supply chain and consulting of supply chain professors and experts and pharmacy, a checklist was obtained for supplier selection with eight main indexes and 30 sub-indexes in the field of selecting top supplier and four main indexes and 9 sub-indexes in the field of influential environmental risks. Finally, seven main indexes "quality, flexibility, delivery, technology, communication, and Information technology system, cost and background" with 24 sub-indexes on top supplier selection and four main indexes "economic, political, natural and cultural/social disasters" with 8 sub-indexes in the field of environmental risks were obtained. This research can be used by pharmaceutical industry activists, professors, researchers, and students to improve the current status of supplier selection.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15O




• THREE DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED EARTH SLOPE BY GEOGRID UNDER OVERHEAD EFFECTS

  Alireza Hasibi Taheri, Navid Hadiani * (Department of Civil Engineering, Islamshar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, IRAN ).
  

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.210

  Keywords: Reinforced earth slope; Finite-difference software; FLAC3D; Softening or hardening Mohr-Coulomb model; Seismic loads; Geogrid; Embankment shifts; Embankment horizontal displacement; Geosynthetics.

  Abstract
  Today, analysis of the stability and study of the behaviors of retaining walls and soil slopes are important topics in soil mechanics/geotechnical engineering. Soil improvements, especially performance must give attention to behaviors particularly for reinforced earth slopes is their performance against earthquakes. In this study, we attempt to perform numerical modeling studies using FLAC3D finite difference software. With the FISH programming language available in this software as well as the existing attenuation models, some arbitrary behavior and precise modeling are done. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic and nonlinear behavior of reinforced earth slope. For this purpose, an instrumented articulated roof attic that has been constructed and operated as a road embankment is used as the base model. Seismic conditions are applied to the model using the acceleration mapping of several major earthquakes of Iran and the world. The soil behavioral model has been based on a soft or hardened Mohr-Coulomb model with the capability to incorporate nonlinear behavior in static analysis with nonlinear attenuation models in dynamic analysis.
  
  Paper ID: 10A15P











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