American Transactions on
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    :: Vol.2(2) (April 2013)

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    :: American Transactions on Engineering & Applied Sciences

    http://TuEngr.com/ATEAS     
      
    V5(1) Cover V2(2) April 2013

    ISSN 2229-1652
    eISSN 2229-1660


    FEATURE PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES


    • Bird-Strike Modeling Based on the Lagrangian Formulation Using LSDYNA

      • Vijay K. Goyal *, Carlos A. Huertas (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA ) and Thomas J. Vasko (Engineering Department, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA ) 

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      Keywords: Finite element; Impact analysis; Bird-strike; Lagrangian 

      Abstract
      In this first paper of a three-paper sequence, we developed a standard work using the Lagrangian approach in LS-DYNA. The results were compared against experimental results. First, a simple one-dimensional beam centered impact problem was solved analytically to validate the results produced by LS-DYNA. For this case, the results were within 2.5% error when compared with the analytical solution. Bird-strike events were divided into three separate problems: frontal impact on rigid flat plate, 0 and 30 deg impact on deformable tapered plate. The bird model was modeled as a cylindrical fluid. The peak pressures and forces were compared to those results available in the literature. The case for 0 deg tapered plate impact shows little bird-plate interaction because the bird is sliced in two parts and the results were within 10% difference from the test data available in the literature. The developed Lagrangian approach is suitable for bird-strike events within 10% error. 

    • Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics for Bird-Strike Analysis Using LS-DYNA

      • Vijay K. Goyal *, Carlos A. Huertas (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA ) and Thomas J. Vasko (Engineering Department, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA ) 

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      Keywords: Finite element; Impact analysis; Bird-strike; Smooth-particle hydrodynamics 

      Abstract
      In this second of a three-paper sequence, we developed a standard work using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) approach in LS-DYNA and compared the results against those the Lagrangian model and available experimental results. First, the SPH model was validated against a one-dimensional beam centered impact’s analytical solution and the results are within 3% error. Bird-strike events were divided into three separate problems: frontal impact on rigid flat plate, 0 and 30 deg impact on deformable tapered plate. The bird model was modeled as a cylindrical fluid. We successfully identified the most influencing parameters when using SPH in LS-DYNA. The case for 0 deg tapered plate impact shows little bird-plate interaction because the bird is sliced in two parts and the results are within 5% difference from the test data available in the literature, which is an improvement over the Lagrangian model. Conclusion: The developed SPH approach is suitable for bird-strike events within 10% error. 

    • Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian Approach for Bird-Strike Analysis Using LS-DYNA

      • Vijay K. Goyal *, Carlos A. Huertas (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA ) and Thomas J. Vasko (Engineering Department, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA ) 

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      Keywords: Finite element; Impact analysis; Bird-strike; Arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian. 

      Abstract
      In this third and last sequence paper we focus on developing a model to simulate bird-strike events using Lagrange and Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian (ALE) in LS-DYNA. We developed a standard work for the two-and three-dimensional models for bird-strike events. We modeled the bird as a cylinder fluid and the fan blade as a plate. The case study was that of frontal impact of soft-bodies on rigid plates based on the Lagrangian Bird Model. Results show very good agreement with available test data and within 7% error when compared with the Lagrange and SPH methods. The developed ALE approach is suitable for bird-strike events in tapered plates. 

    • Characterization of Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites by Modeling

      • Zhong Hu * (Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, USA )Xingzhong Yan (Department of Electrical Engineering &Computer Science, South Dakota State University, USA ) James Wu, and Michelle Manzo (Electrochemistry Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA ) 

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      Keywords: Carbon Fibers; Polymer Composites; Physical Properties; Characterization; Finite Element Analysis. 

      Abstract
      In this paper, the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of carbon fiber modified thermoplastic polyimide were numerically analyzed by finite element analysis. A three-dimensional model was created, in which continuous carbon fibers are aligning and paralleling to each other and uniformly distributing in the polymer matrix. The behaviors of the composites in two extreme situations, i.e., parallel or perpendicular to carbon fiber direction, were simulated. The effects of the volume fraction of carbon fiber content on the physical properties were investigated. It shows clearly that carbon fibers significantly improve the mechanical strength, and thermal and electrical conductivities. The future work includes investigation of the physical properties of the conductive network of the composites with random carbon fiber orientation, and different fillers, such as graphite, and carbon nanotubes. 

    • Catalytic Decomposition of N2O: Best Achievable Methods and Processes

      • Paschalia Taniou, Zoe Ziaka *, and Savvas Vasileiadis (Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis, Hellenic Open University, Patras, GREECE ) 

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      Keywords: N2O decomposition; split N2O; catalytic zeolite systems; cobalt spinels; Rh catalytic systems; Cu catalytic systems; membrane N2O separation. 

      Abstract
      In the current review paper, the N2O direct decomposition was investigated over a series of different catalytic systems, containing metals, zeolites, cobalt spinels. The N2O split via catalysis and the use of membrane systems in the separation to molecules N2 and O2 were studied, too. Decomposition of N2O has been studied in the temperature rate of 673 to 873 K over supported catalysts of chemical elements: Pd, Rh, Ru, Ni, Pt, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ir, over γ- Al2O3 showing their best catalytic activity. M-zeolites, (M = Cu, Fe, Co, etc.) supported on perovskite or precious metals such as Pd, Rh zeolites and dominant iron and copper catalytic structures such as ZSM-5, MFI, BEA, BETA investigated in the temperature rate of 583 to 775 K with best catalytic activity. Iron zeolites are more prevalent at high concentrations showing good catalytic behavior only at high temperatures. The spinel catalyst Zn0.36Co0.64Co2O4 and Rh/Mullite catalyst offer up to complete N2O conversion. 

    Previous: Vol 2(1) January 2013 ......... Next: Vol 2(3) July 2013


    Call-for-Papers
    Call-for-Scientific Papers
    Call-for-Research Papers:     ATEAS invites you to submit high quality papers for full peer-review and possible publication in areas pertaining engineering, science, management and technology, especially interdisciplinary/cross-disciplinary/multidisciplinary subjects.

    To publish your work in the next available issue, your manuscripts together with copyright transfer document signed by all authors  can be submitted via email to Eic @ TuEngr.com (no space between). (please see all detail from Instructions for Authors)


    Publication and peer-reviewed process:
    After the peer-review process (4-10 weeks), articles will be on-line published in the available next issue.  However, the American Transactions on Engineering, & Applied Sciences  cannot guarantee the exact publication time as the process may take longer time, subject to peer-review approval and adjustment of the submitted articles.


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