International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies

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• A ROAD TEST STUDY ON SPEED SENSITIVE COLLAPSIBLE MECHANICAL SPEED BUMP

  Pornprom Pahubutra, Dulyachot Cholaseuk* (Department of Mechanical Enginering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University Pathumtani, 12120, THAILAND )
  

  Disciplinary: Multidisciplinary (Mechanical Engineering, Traffic Management)

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.1

  Keywords: Automatic speed bump; Mechanical speed sensor; Traffic calming device; Vehicle maneuver; Driving behavior; Speed control.

  Abstract
  A speed sensitive collapsible mechanical speed bump is a structure of a triangular shaped profile with joints that allow the bump to fold flat. The operation of the bump relies on an all mechanical system that uses a pendulum as a speed sensor. The amount of angular motion of the pendulum varies with the speed of the vehicle passing. This determines the position of the tip of the pendulum that contacts the guide rail, which can control the pendulum to fold or to lock. The speed bump is designed to lock when a vehicle passes at speed above 8 km/hr and to fold flat at the speed below 8 km/hr. This road test version was vastly improved from the conceptual prototype. The pendulum speed sensing mechanism was separated from the locking mechanism to ensure speed sensing accuracy while improving strength in the locking position. Overall profile was scaled down to fit Thailand'�s speed bump standard. Testing was conducted with six vehicles of different segments: an eco car, two compact sedans, two mid-size suv's and a pick-up truck. The test results show that the bump response well with the transition range of 7-12 km/hr.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01A




• EXPERIMENTAL PINPOINTING OF ENRICHED MISCIBLE GAS COMPOSITION BASED ON INTERFACIAL TENSION MEASUREMENT

  Ali Asghar Gharesheiklou* (PVT Department of Petroleum Engineering Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, IRAN ),
  Ali Naseri (Production Department of Petroleum Engineering Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, IRAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Petroleum/Chemical Engineering.

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.2

  Keywords: Gas enrichment; Reservoir Condition; Natural gas liquid (NGL); Synthesized gas; Young-Laplace Equation; Interfacial tension parameters; Liquid drop snapshot analysis

  Abstract
  Measuring interfacial tension parameter between hydrocarbon injecting gas and live reservoir oil samples is really a good indicator for predicting optimum miscible gas injection scenarios at reservoir condition. Conducting an experimental miscible gas injection project for one of the Iranian oil fields, natural liquefied gas (NGL) and Naphtha was candidate to enrich injecting gas in order to investigate gas composition effects on efficiency of miscibility process. As a result, injecting gas was enriched by NGL and Naphtha samples with predefined ratios. This study aimed to measure and compare interfacial tension parameters between reservoir oil and five synthesized gas samples at different depleting pressures and reservoir temperature. The results showed optimum miscible gas enrichment candidates with minimum interfacial tension parameters at depletion pressure steps.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01B




• A STUDY ON CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS AND CONSUMER PREFERENCES

  Muhammad Tayyab Kashif Government College University, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN ),
  Khalid Jamil, Muhammad Kashif Khurshid* National University of Modern Languages, PAKISTAN ),
  Muhammad Amjad University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN ),
  Adeel Anjum Government College University, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Management Sciences (Product and Marketing Analysis).

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.3

  Keywords: Fake products; Consumer Preference; Peer effect; Social status symbol; Financial incentives.

  Abstract
  The reason for this study is to develop a model and test this model also is about the extraction of major experiences of the consumers which they got from intentional arrogance and readiness to purchase of the substitutes of the luxury fashion products. Substitutes have created serious challenges for all countries of the globe. The problem has been experienced by the original brand's authentic products manufacturing companies. The intake of the substitutes is studied in this research. To fill the gap in the literature for the readiness to buy substitutes of the luxury fashion products in Pakistan, for extracting determining factors study is done. Found south of East Asia as hub for trading and consuming the substitutes. The study was done with 257 samples from three big markets (Katchery Bazar, Satyana Road, and D-Ground) of Faisalabad during 2019. Questionnaires are used for data collection in all days (weekends and weekdays) from people come with intention to buy substitutes. To check the relation between variables and testation of the hypothesis SEM (structural equation modeling) technique was used. The study closed with these results; Tendency to avoid risk was negative but trivial, peer effect, previous outing, arrogance and monetary arrogance towards substitutes were found significant and positive, Tendency to avoid risk insignificant and negative, appealing characteristics of purchase of substitutes and readiness to buy resulted positive and insignificant. This study found after studying previous researches and theories available in the field of marketing and consumer behavior successive to explore the major determining factors after testing a wide range model. These major determining factors are arrogance towards substitutes and user readiness to purchase the substitutes of luxury fashion products.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01C




• THE ORDER OF REPETITION PROCESS IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE ORNAMENTS: THE CASE OF MOSULIAN TRADITIONAL HOUSES

  Ahmed Abdulwahid Dhannoon Taha, Oday Qusay Abdulqader(Architectural Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, IRAQ )
  

  Disciplinary: Architectural Engineering

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.4

  Keywords: Metal Ornaments; Islamic Architecture; Geometric patterns; Repetition principles; Traditional House; Interior Space.

  Abstract
  The Mosulian Traditional Houses have unique characteristics, which part of Islamic Architecture. The cultural effects are represented in the patterns, materials, layouts, and order of ornaments. Furthermore, decorative ornaments, especially metal ornaments, are a significant element in the components of the houses. Metal ornaments characterised with repetition principles which affected by the technology era. The levels of repetition should identified according to the sequence and rule to conserve the original type, which is the objective of the study. A case study is the metal ornaments in interior and exterior space in Old Mosul City, which can produce new models with common architectural characteristics. Selecting a case study depending on the value of originality. Thus, original samples were selected. The visual analysis used to identify the order of repetition to draw out the guideline of producing metal ornaments with traditional values. Visual observation of the cases and documented materials were carried out to identify this process. The result shows that the process included two levels, each level has three stages, including type, frequency, direction, path, and scale of the repetition. The shifting of the original characteristics will lead to losing the identity of the place if the new model is uncontrolled and disoriented.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01D




• APPLICATION OF FRACTAL ANALYSIS METHOD FOR STUDYING STOCK MARKET

  Sergey Vladislavovich Makletsov, Nadezhda Anatolevna Opokina, Ilnar Kasiymovich Shafigullin (Kazan Federal University, RUSSIA )
  

  Disciplinary: Management Sciences (Stock Analysis).

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.5

  Keywords: R/S analysis; Fractal analysis; Hurst index; Fractal time series; Financial market; Volatility of financial series.

  Abstract
  The study of financial markets behaviour is an important part of the financial investments theory. The methods for analyzing the financial markets which have been established in the sixties and seventies of the last century are valid only during periods of stable market conditions. They are based on the assumption that the financial markets behaviour is subject to the normal distribution law. In the nineties of the last century, they began to look at this problem from the point of view of fractal analysis. It was observed that financial time series has the property of self-similarity. In the works of Mandelbrot (1983, 2006), the founder of fractal geometry, the behaviour of financial indicators in the market was considered as fractals. The book by E. Peters "Fractal analysis of financial markets" and "Chaos and order in the capital markets" are devoted to the study of this problem. The presented work is devoted to the study of financial time series in the stock market in the current situation. Financial time series in this paper are treated as fractals. The study of the series for persistence and volatility using R/S analysis were carried out. For the persistent series, the persistence hypothesis was again tested by mixing the series. The average lengths of non-periodic cycles were also found for these series.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01E




• INFECTIOUS CHICKEN BRONCHITIS: THE CAUSE OF RESPIRATORY SYNDROME IN BROILER CHICKENS

  Edward Javadov* (Department of Epizootology V.P. Urbana of St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, RUSSIA ),
  Oleg Khokhlachev, Valentina Sukhanova (Research Consulting and Diagnostic Center for Poultry of "St. Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine", RUSSIA ),
  Olga Kozyrenko, Alevtina Kisil (Department of Epizootology V.P. Urbana of St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, RUSSIA )
  

  Disciplinary: BioSciences (Veterinary Sciences).

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.6

  Keywords: Epizootological examination; Bronchitis virus (IB); QX strain; Chicken infectious bronchitis; SPF embryos; the variant strain of the IBC virus; IBI virus.

  Abstract
  The article presents materials on an epizootological examination of a broiler poultry farm, in which signs of respiratory disease in broiler chickens were observed, accompanied by a deterioration in safety and weight gain. One of the pathological factors was identified in the chicken circulating infectious bronchitis virus (IB). As a result of studying the immunobiological properties of the isolated virus, the antigenic characteristics and virulence of the pathogen were determined for developing chicken embryos and broiler chickens. The use of molecular genetic research methods (RT-PCR-RV, genomic sequencing) made it possible to determine the identity of the isolate to the variant strain QX of the IBI virus.
  
  Paper ID: 10A01F




• A FRAMEWORK OF THREE FAMILIES OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES AGAINST A UNIVERSAL SHARPE MEASURE: KENDALL'S TAU RANK ORDER CORRELATION APPROACH

  Wajid S. Ahmed*, Adil T. Paracha, Malik F. Azeem, and Malik J. Saboor(Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Management Sciences (Investment Analysis).

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.7

  Keywords: Periodical Analysis; Degree of Concordance; Kendall's Tau Approach; Mean-Variance Analysis; NND-Pattern.

  Abstract
  The first objective of our paper is to formulate a framework of selective performance measures under three groups based on distinct risk levels (Caporin et al., 2014). The second objective is to incorporate the time effects e.g., length of the sampling period, distinct risk classes of mutual funds, etc. and identify if the choice of performance measures is irrelevant proposed earlier (e.g., Eling (2008), Eling & Schuhmacher (2007), Schuhmacher & Eling (2012)). The mean-variance analysis approach and Kendall's tau rank order correlation approach has been deployed across the length of the sample over four distinct time periods to confirm the degree of concordance among Sharpe ratio and alternative performance measures. On the generalized basis the significant indifferent results do exist among the selective half of the alternative performance measures in relation to assessing the abnormal distributed return pattern.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01G




• AN EXPRESS ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR MEAT QUALITY AND SAFETY

  Tamara Kalyuzhnaya*, Larisa Karpenko, Diana Orlova, Alexander Drozd, Valentine Urban (Department of Veterinary Sanitary Expertise, St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, RUSSIA )
  

  Disciplinary: Veterinary Sciences.

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.8

  Keywords: Meat examination; Veterinary sanitary; Raw meat quality; Meat freshness; Fast examination method; Meat muscle fibers; Meat muscle tissue structure.

  Abstract
  The aim of the research was to study the reliability and acceptability of this rapid method, to evaluate its effectiveness in determining the degree of freshness of meat in an experiment. Native preparations were made from the studied samples of fresh meat and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, microscopy of which revealed whole muscle fibers with transverse striations, tightly adjacent to each other, pink-red cytoplasm due to eosin staining, whole muscle cell nuclei, violet color intensively stained Ehrlich hematoxylin. Microscopy of native preparations of stale meat and meat of dubious freshness revealed structural changes in the elements of muscle tissue, namely, the striation of the fibers is poorly distinguishable or absent, the color of the cytoplasm is uneven, there are areas with muscle fibers located randomly, not tightly adjacent to each other. The nuclei of muscle fibers are weakly colored, uneven or absent as a result of ongoing microbiological and enzymatic processes. The method of microscopy of native meat preparations stained with hematoxylin-eosin is available, informative and allows you to assess the degree of freshness of meat and can be applied directly in places of storage and sale of products, in the conditions of production laboratories and laboratories for veterinary and sanitary examination of food markets independently or in a set of assessment methods quality and safety of meat.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01H




• SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS, RISK PROPENSITY, AND INVESTMENT DIVERSITY MODERATING ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY

  Muhammad Khurram Shehzad Niazi*, Qaisar Ali Malik (Department of Economics & Finance, Faculty of Business & Technology, Foundation University, Islamabad, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Management Sciences (Risk and Investment Analysis).

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.9

  Keywords: Risk Attitude; FLM; Finance behaviour; Cognitive behavior; Risk behavior; Socio-demographics effects; Socio-demographics factors; Risk-averse.

  Abstract
  Human behaviour is a complex phenomenon that combines psychological traits with decision-making. Therefore, it is an intricate relationship between traditional finance and cognitive behaviour. Financial policymaking and investments are practical manifestations of asset allocation decisions taken under the influence of human personality biases dominating mind of decision-maker through analyzing empirical data. This paper is a shift from professional investors; rather it attempts to explore the behaviour of non-professional i.e. common people to find out the relationship between risk behavior and effects of socio-demographics on personal asset allocation decisions by common citizens not having much awareness of financial instruments with an aim to find out moderating effects of financial literacy. This descriptive study has been carried out on a survey questionnaire containing 70 items on 775 respondents from Pakistan, Canada, Tunisia, Romania, Jordan, Moldova and UK including 85 military personnel and personal interviews of 18 respondents. The outcome of research indicates that in decision making domain financial literacy has been found to significantly moderate relationship between socio-demographics, risk propensity and investment decision-making. It concludes that with increase in age and marital status the investment diversity improves, moreover married/widowed women are more risk-averse than males. However, married people as a whole tend to diversify their investments; however, financial literacy and education contribute towards investment diversity and reduce the risk-taking ability. Hence, this survey can be used as an effective tool for designing financial instruments for general community.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01I




• PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS IN RUSSIAN REGIONS WITH A FOCUS ON AGRO-INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN KRASNODAR REGION

  Oksana Takhumova*(Department of Economic Analysis, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilina, RUSSIA )
  Olga Petrina, Michael Stadolin (Department of State and Municipal Management, the State University of Management, RUSSIA )
  Natalia Klym-Eremina (Department of Marketing Services and Brand Management, the State University of Management, RUSSIA )
  Tatiana Matyas (Private Law Department, State University of Management, RUSSIA )
  

  Disciplinary: Multidisciplinary (Economics, Management Sciences, Agro-Industrial Development).

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.10

  Keywords: Financial instruments; Potential investors; Investment potential; Investment in Russia; Krasnodar Territory; Agro-industrial cluster; Sustainable development.

  Abstract
  Investment attractiveness is one of the main financial instruments that contribute to successful development in certain areas, and also help to dynamically move towards achieving sustainable development. In this regard, the assessment of the investment potential of the regions with the aim of developing recommendations to increase the interest of investing in the economy of the territories among potential foreign investors is determined as the main direction of the study. The paper presents an analysis of the priority of the Russian regions on the quality of life, considers the assessment of the investment potential of the regions on the basis of labor, consumer, innovative, institutional, tourism, natural potentials. Testing of the results of the study takes place on the example of the Krasnodar Territory, one of the dynamically developing agricultural regions of the country. The paper considers a group of factors determining the financial interest of potential investors. Based on the identified problems of an economic nature, the paper proposes a scheme for the development of the agro-industrial cluster of the region, which is represented by a mechanism that improves the efficiency of the financial and economic activities of agricultural organizations. The presented results of the study will be useful to regional bodies, researchers and future specialists in the field of improving the financial performance of companies engaged in agricultural production.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01J




• ROLES OF OIL & GAS EXPLORATION & MARKETING CO SECTOR OF KSE STOCK RETURN: MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINATION

  Muhammad Faheem *, Anwer Irshad Burney (Faculty of Management Sciences, Khadim Ali Shah Bukhari Institute of Technology. PAKISTAN ),
  Ahsanullah (Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Khadim Ali Shah Bukhari Institute of Technology, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Management Sciences (Return of Investment Analysis).

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  doi: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.11

  Keywords: Macroeconomic Variables; Augmented Dickey-Fuller test; Co-Integration test; Return of investment; Firms' return; Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE100).

  Abstract
  The performance of a stock exchange does reflect the economic and financial health of a country whose economic variables affect a firm's returns. Both long-run and short-run connections with the macroeconomic variables influence the fluctuation share prices and return on investment. The purpose of the study in hand is to examine and analyze the relationship of macroeconomic variables of the national economy with KSE stock returns and to provide critical guidance to investors' interest in the stock exchange trade. A sample of stock returns of 6 firms from Oil & Gas Exploration & Marketing Companies was selected on a monthly basis. The monthly data of eight variables over the maximum period of 11 years was used for analysis. The variables comprised of Market 100 Index (KSE 100), Broad Money, Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, Consumer Price Index, Gold Prices, Foreign Direct Investment, and Foreign Exchange Reserve. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and Co-integration were applied to obtain long-run, positive/negative and significant results (5%) respect to Oil & Gas Sector return with CPI, DR, EXRATE, FDI, GPRICE, KSE 100, and M2 (T>2). FEXRES modestly affected the returns of Oil & Gas Sector. In respect of Oil & Gas Dev. Co, a major component of the sector, the coefficient (ECT) is positive and significant showing 100% impact on stock return. The coefficient is statistically insignificant of Mari Petroleum Company Ltd, Shell Pakistan Ltd, and has a negative sign in case of Pakistan Oil Fields Ltd, Pakistan State Oil Co. Ltd, Attock Petroleum Ltd. The obvious connection of the study is that the macroeconomic variables of the national economy affect the return and investment in the stock exchange trade.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01K




• INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES

  Qurat ul Ain (School of Public Finance and Taxation, South Western University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 610065 CHINA and Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University, PAKISTAN ),
  Tahir Yousaf (School of Business Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, CHINA and Lahore Business School, University of Lahore, PAKISTAN ),
  Yasmeen Akhtar (Noon Business School, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PAKISTAN and Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Multidisciplinary (Financial Management, Statistical Analysis, Investment Analysis).

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.12

  Keywords: Heteroscedasticity; FDI; Economic institutions factors; LAC; Panel data.

  Abstract
  The objective of this study is to see the effect of institutional factors on foreign Direct investment inflows (FDI) in the sample of twenty four Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. This study uses panel data over the period of 1995-2015. The fixed-effect model after controlling for heteroscedasticity is used for empirical examination. The pragmatic result recommends that the countries can appeal more Foreign Direct Investment inflows if they improve their institutional factors despite lacking in a high level of human capital, trade openness and market size. However, the development of the country appears to have an equal significance as that of institutional factors and is significant at all levels in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01L




• THE IMPORTANCE OF SELF-EDUCATION IN THE PROMOTION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS

  

  Dmitriy V. Tumanov (Department of Education Sciences, Kazan Federal University, RUSSIA ),
  Aleksandr A. Korostelev (artment of Education Sciences, Togliatti State University, RUSSIA ),
  Natalia V. Ippolitova (Department of Education Sciences, Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University, RUSSIA ),
  Andino Maseleno (Institute of Informatics and Computing Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia ).
  

  Disciplinary: Education Sciences; Technology in Education.

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.13

  Keywords: Personality development; Self-development; Self-activity; Ideal education; Self-improvement; Personal improvement; Self-improvement; Self-education; Autodidact; Self-learning; Autodidacticism.

  Abstract
  In the article, personal self-improvement is considered as the highest form of conscious self-development of the personality, as an opportunity for personal growth in a person and his independent desire to approach a certain ideal for acquiring personality traits and qualities; The content and significance of self-improvement of the personality of the future teacher as a factor of personality development are determined. This study investigates the effect of self-educating on a person’s professional development. In this regard, self-education in conditions of increasing information contributes to the rapid assimilation of the necessary relevant knowledge for the timely development of all the information received. It is important to comprehend the information flow in a timely manner and direct our own, including professional, efforts in the right direction with the goal of the least cost and greatest benefit for ourselves and society.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01M




• KINETIC STUDY OF AUTOCATALYZED ESTERIFICATION OF LACTIC ACID WITH ALCOHOLS C₂-C₅

  

  L.G. Golubkina, E.L. Krasnykh *, S.P. Safronov, S.V. Portnova (Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Samara State Technical University, Samara, 443100, RUSSIA )
  

  Disciplinary: Chemical Engineering & Sciences.

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.14

  Keywords: Lactic acid; alcohols; esterification, kinetic modeling; green solvent; Alcohol-to-lactic-acid molar ratio.

  Abstract
  Lactic acid and their esters are used for the manufacture of biodegradable polymers and green solvents. Lactic acid esters also used in the purification process of lactic acid. The autocatalyzed esterification kinetics of lactic acid with linear chain alcohols C₂-C₅ was studied with isothermal batch experiments at 313-384 K. The effect of various parameters such as molar ratio and the temperature was studied. The activation energy for all forward reactions was almost equal and it was in the range of 47-49 kJ/mol. It was found that pre-exponential factor decreased as the number of carbons in the linear alkyl chain of alcohols increased.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01N




• EFFECTS OF FAMILY CONTROL ON FIRM VALUE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM NON-FINANCIAL SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

  

  Muhammad Zulfiqar (School of Accounting, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, CHINA )
  Muhammad Tayyab Kashif (Lyallpur Business School (LBS), Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN )
  Muhammad Kashif Khurshid (Department of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), PAKISTAN. )
  Shahid Mahmood * (Department of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN )
  Shahnawaz Saqib (Department of Business Administration, GC University, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Multidisciplinary (Management Sciences, Financial Engineering, Mathematics (Statistics)).

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.15

  Keywords: Family Firms; ROA; Non-Family Firms; Family Control; Tobin's Q; Firm Value.

  Abstract
  This study examines the influence of ownership structure on the firm's financial performance and value in non-financial companies listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during 2010-2015. The basic focus is the performance of family firms as compared to non-family firms. The distinction between both types has been considered. The PSX non-financial firms are a population for this study and sampling 120 firms are randomly extracted. Tobin's Q and ROA have been used to explore the firm value and a firm's financial performance. This study has incorporated three independent variables, i.e. firm type (family firm/ non-family firm), ownership concentration and family firm type (founder firm/ descendent firm). The data analysis techniques include descriptive, correlational, panel data regression analysis. Panel data techniques detect the significant relationships among the variables. This study finds that family firms are negatively correlated and non-family firms give better performance. Whereas concentrated ownership has presented significant relationship but negative correlation with ROA and Tobin's Q. On the origin of results, it is explored the performance of firm censoriously depends on managerial ownership. Panel data analysis shown that firm leverage and size have no relationship with proxy variables while remaining independent variables have a significant relationship with performance variables. Agency problems arise when managerial shareholdings enlarged in Pakistani perspective, which eventually affects firm performance.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01O




• EFFECTS OF HOME AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON PROMOTING READING AND WRITING SKILLS OF ENGLISH LEARNERS IN PAKISTAN

  

  Shehla Sheikh, Allah Noor Khan (Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan )
  

  Disciplinary: Education Sciences; Technology in Education.

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.16

  Keywords: Home Factors; Institutional Factors; Reading Skill; Writing Skill; Regression Analysis; Factors Impact.

  Abstract
  The study aims to see the effect of factors related to home and institution on the improvement of skills of reading and writing of learners in English at secondary level in southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Total 606 secondary schools facilitating overall 29945 students of 9th grade students and out of which 379 students were taken as sample through a random sampling technique. This study developed a reliable questionnaire including items related to factors affecting Language skills of the learners were administered. Researcher own made two valid and reliable achievement tests in English were used to check the competency level of student concerning skills of reading and writing in English. The gathered data after analysis by using correlation and regression concluded that both factors have statistical significant effect on the linguistic skills of the students.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01P




• EVAPORATIVE PAVEMENTS AS AN URBAN HEAT ISLAND (UHI) MITIGATION STRATEGY: A REVIEW

  

  Golnoosh Manteghi *, Tasneem Mostofa (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment, Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA )
  

  Disciplinary: Architectural Sciences.

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.17

  Keywords: Urban Heat Island; Evaporative Pavements; Cool Pavements; Previous Pavements; Permeable Pavements; Porous Pavements; Albedo.

  Abstract
  There has been a rise in ambient temperature, known as the Urban Heat Island effect, due to the continued replacement of natural surfaces, increases of buildings, paved surfaces and construction materials used in urban areas. There are direct relationships between the level of comfort on the outdoor environment, energy, and urban heat islands. Prior studies focused on aspects such as reflective pavements, cool pavements, and albedo of reflective pavements. However, there is a paucity of research on evaporative paved surfaces for hot humid environs, especially in countries with tropical rainforests. The evaporative pavements then called permeable pavements, are ideal for environs that receive adequate rainfall. The study seeks to close the gap via a desk literature review survey by exploring the compatibility of systems with evaporative pavements in an attempt to alleviate the impacts of Urban Heat Island at the micro-level.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01Q




• SHADOW ECONOMY, OUTREACH OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A STUDY OF BALKAN COUNTRIES

  

  Hina Affandi *, Qaisar Ali Malik (Faculty of Management Sciences, Foundation University Islamabad, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Financial Sciences, Mathematics (Statistics).

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.18

  Keywords: Effect of shadow economy; Financial institutions' outreach effects; Influences of financial inclusion; Economic growth; Balkan economies.

  Abstract
  Financial inclusion is a core pillar of development policy in the financial system. This research is an endeavor to empirically inspect the influence of the shadow economy and the outreach of financial institutions on financial inclusion. Annual data has been gathered from the financial institutions operating in six Balkan countries for the year 2006-2017. It is suggested that the shadow economy has a significant impact on the financial inclusions and the outreach of financial institutions is also found to have a significant effect on financial inclusion. The non-linear co-integration approach has been opted to recognize the asymmetric effects by exploring how the shadow economy and financial institutions' outreach affects financial inclusion. This research study has various implications for the financial system which can add to the improvement of the banking and nonbanking sectors of the Balkan countries.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01R




• IMPACTS OF PERCEIVED FIT AND SELF-BRAND CONNECTION ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARDS A NEWLY INTRODUCED SMART PHONE IN PAKISTAN (PRODUCT LINE EXTENSION)

  

  Marva Binte Abid, Shazia Hassan *(Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defense University, PAKISTAN )
  Iffat Rasool (Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, PAKISTAN )
  Wajeeha Ghias and Noor Ul Hadi (Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defense University, PAKISTAN )
  

  Disciplinary: Management Sciences (Marketing) and Technology.

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  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.19

  Keywords: Perceived fit (PF); Extension attitude (EA); Self-brand connection (BC); Purchase intention; Smartphone purchase.

  Abstract
  Perceptional fit and brand connection are two of the numerous dimensions which are still unexplored in the context of understanding the influential factors on the smartphone purchase among Pakistani consumers. New products in the same product category create numerous concerns for the smartphone brands in terms of acceptance of the product by the consumers based on their Perceived Fit (PF) with the existing product attributes and Self Brand Connection (BC) with the brand. In addition to that, a general attitude of a consumer towards product line extension namely, Extension Attitude (EA), can influence the relationship of various factors that have an impact on the Purchase Intention (PI) of the smartphone users. A quantitative analysis was done and 221 responses were collected through paper-based questionnaires and Google forms from university students. SPSS was used for demographic analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, the test of assumptions, linear regression analysis, and Hayes and Preacher's moderation analysis. Based on the results, 19% impact on the consumer's PI is caused by the PF in the minds of the consumers regarding the new product and 52% impact is caused by the BC. Slight change of 0.38% in the variance was observed in the linear relationship between BC and PI due to the addition of EA as moderator and the change in the variance for the relationship between PF and PI due to EA was approximated to be 0.27%. Knowing about the perceptional fits in the minds of the consumers and their affiliation with the brand, marketers, and managers can come up with more relevant and profitable extension strategy.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01S




• MANAGEMENT OF FORMATION OF PATRIOTIC QUALITIES OF THE RUSSIAN GROWING GENERATIONS

  

  Sergei I. Belentsov *(Institute of Continuing Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State University», RUSSIAN FEDERATION )
  Nadezhda V. Tarasova (Department of Communology and Psychology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», RUSSIAN FEDERATION )
  Oksana U. Brazhnik (Department of Pedagogy and Professional Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State University», RUSSIAN FEDERATION )
  Svetlana V. Nikitina (Department of Foreign Languages and Humanities, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State Agricultural I.I. Ivanov Academy», RUSSIAN FEDERATION )
  

  Disciplinary: Multidisciplinary (Education Sciences, Social Engineering, History, Philosophy, and Psychology).

  (Backup file)

  DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.20

  Keywords: Civil-patriotic education of youth; Historical and pedagogical analysis of the concept of patriotism; Patriotic characteristics of personality; Amateur associations; Cultural patriotism; Youth policy

  Abstract
  The article discusses the features that determined new approaches to the formulation and solution of the problem of the patriotic education of students in Russia in the early twentieth century. The authors interpret the concept of “patriotism” through the prism of various fields of scientific knowledge. Particular attention is paid to the formation of civil-patriotic characteristics of the younger generation in a pedagogical interpretation. The work highlights the spiritual and moral criteria for the development of youth, which are fundamental in the formation and development of its patriotic components of personality. The process of formation and development of amateur associations as a subject of patriotic education in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century is characterized.
  
  Paper ID: 11A01T











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